Business story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business story - Essay Example Jose found the carcass of the second dog, which had been killed subsequent to being run over by a car. Jose took the carcass to Ahmed who refused to pay for the carcass. Fatima, Ahmed's sister, found the third dog and gave it to Ahmed, who refused to pay her anything whatsoever. Since, one of the dogs was dead and as two dogs would be unable to pull the cart, Ahmed placed posters around the city cancelling the promise of a reward. Susan not noticing the leaflets of revocation returned the dog she found to Ahmed, who refused to pay her anything. The relevant legal position in this respect is that unilateral contracts are one-sided contracts where someone makes a promise in return for an act. In Balfour v. Balfour there was no intention, hence there was no contract though they lived together1; further, in Merritt v. Merritt there was no intention and the parties were not living together, hence, there was no valid contract2. The facts of this case are that The Carbolic Smoke Ball Co placed an advertisement in a newspaper, which stated that a 100 reward would be paid by it to any person getting infected by influenza, colds or any disease resulting from the common cold. After having used the ball three times daily for two weeks according to the printed directions supplied with each ball, an amount of 1000 would be deposited with the Alliance Bank, Regent Street. Mrs Carlill bought the ball and duly caught flu. The company refused to pay, stating that it was not an offer, but a mere advertising publicity stunt. The Court held that the advertisement was a genuine offer, which could be accepted by using the Smokeball and catching flu. Intention was demonstrated by the deposition of money in the bank4. However, if the offeree has commenced performance of the act then the offer cannot be revoked without providing a reasonable opportunity to complete the offeror's requirements. In Abbott v Lance it was held that acceptance must rely upon the offer5. The Cases Williams v Carwardine6 and R v Clarke7, also illustrate this point. The advertisement indicated the promisor's intention to commit himself legally. Susan incurred expenditure and expended her valuable time in searching for these dogs. The first issue to be determined is the effect of Ahmed's advertisement. The decision in Carlill v Carbolic Smokeball Company was that the offer of a unilateral contract can be made by an advertisement and to revoke it the offeror must use a method of communication, which reaches most if not all of the people who had viewed this offer8. The law generally insists on identifying an offer and acceptance as the basis for the existence of a contract. An offer indicates the terms on which an offeror intends to be bound. Offers must be distinguished from invitations to treat or deal, negotiations and auctions. Offers can be made to individuals, a number or class of people or to the world at large. An offer to the world at large usually takes place in reward contracts which are a major application of the concept of unilateral contracts. An offer can be terminated by rejection, counter offers, revocation - unless required conduct has begun - , lapse of a reasonable period of time or in the event of death of the offeror. To prevent revocation of an offer, an

Assessment of an enterprise-level business system Essay

Assessment of an enterprise-level business system - Essay Example At the end this write up would set forth the criteria for establishing the acceptability or otherwise of the business process mapping tools and suggest any improved tools. In fact all this considerations can be answered in the concept of business process reengineering. It was in the early 1990s that many US corporations, and subsequently companies all over the world, began to adopt the concept of business process reengineering (BPR) to obtain long lost competitiveness that they had lost during the previous decade. The primary feature of BPR is the sole focus on business processes, rather than functional organizational structures. Davenport (1993) defines a (business) process as "a structured, measured set of activities designed to produce a specific output for a particular customer or market. It implies a strong emphasis on how work is done within an organization, in contrast to a product focus's emphasis on what. A process is thus a specific ordering of work activities across time and space, with a beginning and an end, and clearly defined inputs and outputs: a structure for action. ... Taking a process approach implies adopting the customer's point of view. Processes are the structure by which an organization does what is necessary to produce value for its customers." 1 Hammer & Champy's (1993) definition can be considered as a subset of Davenport's. They define a process as "a collection of activities that takes one or more kinds of input and creates an output that is of value to the customer." Whereas Johansson et. al. (1993) defines a process as, "a set of linked activities that take an input and transform it to create an output. Ideally, the transformation that occurs in the process should add value to the input and create an output that is more useful and effective to the recipient either upstream or downstream." This definitions lead us to chief feature of a business process viz. Definability, Order, Customer, Value adding, Embeddedness and Cross functionality. In order to gain an understanding of the various processes involved in the organization which completes its business system information pertaining to above features of the business processes needs to be collected. There can be essentially two approaches to collection of such data-one , the primary data collection and, two, the secondary data collection. With in these approaches primary data could be collected through face to face interviews with key personnel responsible for such processes and a broader based questionnaire approach can be used for the operative employees. Secondary data sources can be rich and can range from industry publications to in-house examination of manuals, sales and marketing registers, financial accounts, accounting vouchers to Board minutes to minutes of the various committees of the Board and other executive committees. 2 The process of business process mapping can follow two approaches. Davenport and Short (1990) have identified two basic methods for process identification, which they termed "targeted" and "comprehensive" methods. Targeted methods take their starting point in the identification of a relatively small number of processes being critical to the business, which are

The Concept Of Time In Architecture

The Concept Of Time In Architecture Time is a very important factor for the design process of a park. Time ÃŽÂ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ ÃŽÂ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± ÃŽÂ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± ÃŽÂ ±Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬  ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·Ãƒ Ã‚ ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·, every person apprehends time differently. The issue of time always preoccupies the landscape architects, and regardless their intentions, their design will be surely affected by time, or from natural processes or from human interventions, a park has continuity, whereas in architecture time can be totally excluded. Time is located in landscapes in different ways. We see time in the growing of plants and trees; we see also time in their season changing. The movement of the human through a park also symbolizes time. Time in a space, like an urban park, is like a movie, snapshots showing the movement and the behavior of the people in it, while the light changes gradually. One can see the passage of time in a park through the social, political and cultural changes. For example Victoria Park, the biggest park of East London(1845) ÃŽÂ ´ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ Ã‚ ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¸ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µ after a big demand of the East Londoners because of lack of green spaces in the area and as a way of reducing the big number of annual deaths and diseases at that time, corollary of a industrial and densely populated area. As expected peoples park very quickly had a big impact to the people and became the centre for social and political informal gatherings and talks. In the more recent past and today the park is famous for hosting the biggest music festivals of the city, since the social face of East London has changed dramatically and the area has become quite fashionable.++++ Time as a design tool The designer cannot be fully aware of the future of the park that he designs, the development of a park is affected by time, which time is an instable factor in this process. What a designer should know is that time will tell if the design will be successful and that à Ã†â€™Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒ Ã¢â€š ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ if it will be loved and enjoyed by people. There is a true difficulty à Ã†â€™Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ ÃŽÂ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± à Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ Ã‚ ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ Ã†â€™ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ´ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ Ã‚ ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ Ã†â€™Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ the impact of time. We appreciate time in different ways, so every landscape architect approaches time in his mind and designs in another way and this way of seeing affect sometimes the solutions itself. Some designer make solutions where the park is evolving and changing slowly, whereas some others, want to have direct results and want the park to look like the park in the drawings, that could mean planting big trees and that results more expenses, or even could affect the choice of the trees he will use, instead of using sycamore trees that need time to mature, he could use the fast growing honey locust trees. A landscape architect that his designs were really affected by time was Roberto Burle Marx (Brazil, 1909-1994), he once stated: The garden is always a problem of time. Time completes the idea. Time and its instability became an important framework in his work and an eternal concern throughout his career. He was really à Ã†â€™Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ´ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ Ã¢â€š ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ of the importance of time in the development of his projects. After completing a project, he never thought of it being over for good and all, this was only the beginning, the starting point, the places he designs seem that they never have an end, someone could say that they are characterized by timelessness. His projects were continually changing through the years, he kept on visiting them and do changes on site (mostly with vegetation), in a point that some of his landscapes ÃŽÂ ´ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µ ÃŽÂ ¸Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ÃƒÅ ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¶ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ à Ã†â€™ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µ à Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ Ã¢â€š ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± his original plans. He had the habit to do changes on site, without transferring this changes in the old plans, as a result if you visit a park of his only the half of the plants will be recorded. Maintenance is an important framework of time in a park. Is fundamental for its success and for its continuity through time some designers believe. Nofried Pohl considers maintenance very important: I do not like public parks of stature that are created once and for all. That is why I am more and more interested in architectural support for managing the ripening process of public parks. Whereas other designers should be very ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ Ã†â€™ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¸ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ · and let the natural process of a park speak, but this way should be chosen consciously and has to be thought primary during the design process, by choosing for example a grass that looks nice when it grows and the doesnt need cutting often, this result is quite desirable for the eco-parks à Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± ÃŽÂ ¿Ãƒ Ã¢â€š ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± à Ã¢â€š ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¸ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ nowadays that all the landscape design approaches are tuning into a more ecological direction. Time(Present) in Vauxhall Spring Gardens As soon as visiting Vauxhall Spring Gardens I got the impression that the park fluctuates between two worlds, better between two different times. Situated south of River Thames, if u stand in the middle of the park you cant help of noticing two different images of time. On one side of the park next to the river you get the view of literally a metropolis, huge modern buildings hosting companies which hide the horizon line and on the other side of the park a city farm, Saint Peters church dated from 1863, a building of historical importance, a gothic church made from brick and houses with a more traditional colour, architecturally speaking. The one image reflects the future and the other the past. When I look at the modern side of the park is like my inside clock is getting affected, It stresses me, on the other side when I stare the city farm and the Victorian buildings my pulses are reducing. The image of this side of the park is like frozen on time. In a way this contrast is quite i nteresting, cause the future image gives value to the old image and a poeting meaning and dimension to its pure side. The presence of the past Landscapes are changing through time, this is a natural process. Speaking in general this is something that has to be done, we have to evolve, this is the essence of life. What we have to do is to decide what we want to keep from the past if there is anything important that has to be kept. Strict preservation of a place would be a life denial movement. This crucial and very important process of the selection of the past elements has to be made after a very careful analysis and survey, since it seems like forever people were very attached to the past. We have seen that when a place changes suddenly and with a high speed people are getting disorientated and they dont know how to behave, because there is no doubt, that the environment that surround us and we live in, affects us emotionally. Especially when change of landscape comes to a community level its like breaking a link of the continuity of the community itself. Our bonding with the past doesnt come only through familiarity, we w ould also get annoyed by the destruction of a symbolic and historic location, although we are talking about a clearly touristic place that we could have possibly never visit. The survival of these even unknown places makes us feel secure by having this sense of continuity that balances us. Kevin Lynch said that: A portion of the past has been saved as being good , and this promises that the future will so save the present and he continues: We have the sense that we and our works will also reach uninterrupted old age otherwise we would feel lost in a strangers world. Lynch also notices that there are big differences in mood and behavior of groups of people that have a valued past, in which the feel rooted and in a way balanced, and in groups that are living in an isolated present. To return to my previous thoughts, the idea of preserving everything is quite nihilistic or for a designer could mean that he run out of ideas and inspiration. Nietzsche said: Man must have the strength to break up the past. The difficulty of judging and evaluating the past ÃŽÂ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ à Ã†â€™Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ à Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ ÃŽÂ ¿ ÃŽÂ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¸ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ ÃŽÂ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ perceives the past. The designers must be able to explain their decisions, so they have fully understand why something has to be saved and they have to wonder about the importance of this past objects and connect them with the past and their meaning of existence towards the future. In every design project the reasons of preserving things may be quite different. In some cases we may decide to save things because they are related with historic persons or events, or because they keep important meanings or symbols for another group, or in most cases a designer gets to keep what he thing as best and important according to his aesthetics and judge, without saying if this is politically correct. For some people, new landscapes and environments are often being seen as escapes from old usual places, even if they are totally new to them without any memories. Future There are different ways of seeing the future. Some people see future as one hour ahead, some see it as one week ahead and some other as one generation ahead. The future may seem something ahead of us that we could either face with optimism and ÃŽÂ ¿Ãƒ Ã‚ ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¾ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·, or with fear and concern as a vehicle of time that runs towards without our control. In that case it seems that worrying about the future could deter enjoying living the present. Our future actions may be affected by past experience. It seems that future, present and past are interconnected between them, we all have this idea of shifting times but each of us carries it with different analogies. And of course these analogies have to do with our experiences during the passage of time. If our past has been disappointing or indifferent, we will try to delete this image of the past in the future. And sometimes, if our past has been compulsive and precious with the combination of a dull present, this image will visit our minds more often. Since past and future are present concepts, built in similar ways out of present data and attitudes, their correspondence is no t surprising. Kevin Lynch notices. The past is made of a plethora of experiences, and is brought to our minds by triggers of the present found in our environment. Wanting to create a mental future image, we have to imagine the results of our present actions driven by our emotions. A landscape architect has to query this interconnection of layers of time. In order to see how landscape represents past, present and future we have to look to ourselves and see how are bodies experience time, how time is fitted inside us. We have to find a balance between the time inside us to the outside time. Looking in landscapes we can find an image of time, that could be strengthen depending on the allocation of objects and events in space and time. We experience landscapes inside the framework of space-time. When we design a landscape we want to enrich it with both temporal and spatial qualities. Hence, also a temporal dimension: transporting the past into present, blurring past and present, recreating the past. Vision of landscape has a temporal dimension and thus brings the temporal dimension into the spatial dimension. The landscape perspective foregrounds time. p.3/landscapes of memory and experience

Early Marriage Essay -- marriage of children adolescents

Early marriage is the marriage of children and adolescents below the age of 18. Causes: According to UNICEF's Innocenti Research Centre, the "practice of marrying girls at a young age is most common in Sub-Saharan African and South Asia". There are specific parts of West Africa and East Africa and of South Asia where marriages before puberty are not unusual. However, the Centre also notes that marriage shortly after puberty is common among those living traditional lifestyles in the Middle East, North Africa and other parts of Asia. Marriages of female adolescents between sixteen and eighteen are common in parts of Latin America and Eastern Europe. Some are forced into this union, others are simply too young to make an informed decision. Consent is made by somebody else on the child's behalf. The child does not have the opportunity to exercise her right to choose. For this reason, early marriages are also referred to as forced marriages. In its most extreme form, forced marriages are the result of abductions. In Uganda, young girls are abducted and forced to marry senior leaders in the guerrilla movement known as the Lord's Resistance Army. The marriages are used as a reward and incentive for male soldiers. There are a number of reasons why tradition of child marriages continues. Fear of HIV infection has encouraged men in many countries to seek younger 'partners'. Early marriages is one way to ensure that young girls are 'protected'. Families in rural Albania encourage their daughters to marry early to avoid the threat of kidnapping. In conflict torn Somalia, families married their daughters to militia members in exchange for protection for the girl, as well as for themselves. Where poverty is acute, early marriage is also seen as a strategy for economic survival. In Iraq, early marriages are on the increase in response to poverty inflicted by the economic sanctions that have been imposed on the country. In situations such as this, the risk of exploitation is great. A recent study of five poor villages in Egypt, for example, found that young girls were being married off to much older men from the oil rich Middle Eastern countries via brokers. Many girls are forced to marry early suffer from prolonged domestic violence. Furthermore, early marriage is often linked to wife abandonment. This plungers young girls into extreme poverty and increase... ... cases of domestic violence were committed against wives who were under the age of 18. Improvements: Prevention of the practice comes through education of parents and children--married or not--about the dangers of early marriage. UNICEF has launched two programs to tackle the problem in South Asia and Africa, the two regions with the highest rates of child marriage in the world. In South Asia, UNICEF runs the Meena Initiative, which educates people about the danger of preferring male babies and focuses on the unfair treatment girls receive in the family as well as their lack of access to healthcare and education. The initiative also attempts to raise consciousness about harmful traditional practices such as dowry, sexual harassment and early marriage. In Africa, UNICEF has launched a radio program called the Sara Adolescent Girl Communication Initiative in ten eastern and southern African countries. The program implores its listeners to keep girls in school. It also cover topics such as HIV/AIDS, domestic responsibilities for females, Female Genital Mutilation and early marriage. For more information about UNICEF programs focused on early marriage, visit www.unicef.org

Is the Expansion of Tesco’s going to affect the local businesses?

I have chosen to study the expansion of Tesco's for a number of different reasons. The main reason is that I think that the expansion is going to completely change Clevedon, as it tourist town. It does not need a super store in it. I think that a lot of small businesses/shops are going to suffer if Tesco's gets the go ahead. I also think that there are going to be a number of side affects if the development happens. E.g. environmental issues. These are the main reasons why I have chosen to study the expansion of Tesco's. Methodology In my investigation I plan to do a number of things. I am planning to go round the shops in Clevedon and ask them what they think of the expansion of Tesco's. I am going to ask them all the same questions as to make it a fair investigation. I am going to ask 1) Do you think the expansion of Tesco's is going to affect your business directly? Please explain your answer 2) Do you think there will be any side affects of the expansion of Tesco's? These could be positive of negative. Please explain your answer. 3) Do you think that other businesses are going to be affected by the expansion of Tesco's? Please state what type of businesses you think are going to suffer. I am going to go to a number of different shops asking them what they think. I am also going to interview Morrison's and Lidl, as these are the other two big stores in Clevedon. Along with all the shops in Clevedon I am going to be fair and give Tesco's their chance to put their points across. I am going to interview and hopefully get the plans of the expansion of Tesco's. I am also going to be getting information off the Internet about the expansion of Tesco's. I am going to find old newspaper articles about the expansion and sum them up then put them into my results section. I think I am going to try and get peoples opinion about the expansion of Tesco, but when I went down to Tesco's to do random surveys no one was willing to do them. So I asked simple yes or no questions and I got some results. My two questions where. 1) Do you want Tesco's should expand? 2) Do you think the expansion is going to affect the small business and shops in Clevedon? Results The first thing I am going to do is I am going to get as much information about the expansion of Tesco's as I can. This was the original article that was published in the North Somerset Times on the 01 March 2007. â€Å"Tesco's proposal to demolish its Clevedon store and replace it with one twice as large has finally been registered with planners. The Mercury exclusively revealed in November that Britain's biggest retailer had paid à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.3 million for land next to its existing store. The supermarket giant intends to build the new store on the site of the current one, and also the premises occupied by Labcaire and the Bradshaw Group. Town residents, small businesses and other interested groups can now comment on the application after plans were formally registered with North Somerset Council last Thursday. They will be discussed by Clevedon Town Council later in March before going to North Somerset Council for a final decision. Tesco plans to keep the Kenn Road store open while the new one is being built and then demolish it for more parking spaces. It says the new store will bring about 150 extra full- and part-time jobs, injecting, it claims, à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.5 million per year into the local economy. Current jobs would be safeguarded by keeping the old store open during the construction phase. The petrol station will also be moved on to the Bradshaw site. The new store would have a sales area of 60,148sq ft, compared to the current 27,286, and would provide 602 parking spaces. Tesco says the glass-fronted store would be built from sustainable materials, which are years ahead of what is required under building regulations. The part of the store which would face Southern Way would be two storeys high, the second storey containing a cafe and staff areas. In November Tesco spokesman Felix Gummer said the store, which would be branded as Tesco Extra, would sell a wider range of goods.† After reading up on the problem at hand I went to the local businesses and small shops to see what they think. I asked them all the same 3 questions, which I wrote in my methodology. The first shop I went to interview was WH Smiths. Smiths were very keen to give me lots of information about their view on the expansion on Tesco's. Their answers to my questions are as follows. 1) I think that the expansion of Tesco's is going to greatly affect our business. Our Clevedon Branch is one of the smallest Branches of WH Smiths around. This shop isn't big enough to cope with the demands of Clevedon as it is. We think that if the expansion of Tesco's does go ahead then we are going to loose a lot of business. I think this, as the new Tesco's is going to stock all the products that we stock. Plus as they are a national store it is cheaper for them to produce the products that we stock. So we are going to be under cut. So I am pretty sure that if the expansion does go ahead we are not going to be here much longer. 2) I think that the expansion is going to bring more people to Clevedon, but they will not come into the centre of Clevedon, they will use Tesco's then go. If it was Morrison's expanding then I think that it would be completely different. All the shops around the centre will benefit but as it is Tesco's I think that a lot of shops are going to suffer. I also think that as more people are going to coming to Clevedon then there is going to be a lot more cars coming to Clevedon. Causing more noise and air pollutions. 3) I think that a lot of small business/shops are going to be affected as Tesco's are going to stock a much wider verity of products. Products that the shops in the centre stock. So people are going to go to Tesco's as it is going to be cheaper for them to buy from Tesco's. I then moved round and went to New Look. New Look didn't seem to want to give as much information as WH Smiths but I got their opinion. 1) Our store does not feel threatened by the expansion of Tesco. If anything we think it is going to benefit our business. We do not feel threatened as we are offering a different product. We offer our customers fashionable clothes. Tesco's will not get the designers that we have, so we offer different types of clothes. We do not know if Tesco is even going to sell clothes. 2) As said above we think it is going to bring in more customers to our store. 3) No comment I then went to Woolworth's store they would not let me speak to the manager but I talked to one of the members of staff and got their opinion. 1) I think that the expansion of Tesco's is going to affect our store, but I am not sure if it is going to be in a good way or a bad way. I think that it is either going to take our customers away from us, or it is going to bring in more people from surrounding towns and this may increase our sales. 2) I do however believe that there are going to be a lot of side affects. The biggest being pollution, with all the extra cars coming in to shop at Tesco's plus the noise pollution, the pollution all the machinery will have to use to build the store. Also the local residents are going to be affected, me being one of them my garden backs onto the site, I think my personal area is going to be ruined. 3) I think that certain businesses are going to benefit and certain businesses are going to suffer. I think the well established, well known businesses will be fine but the small self owned ones will not. I then went and saw a friend who works at Aaron's Pets. I managed to talk to the manager of this Branch. He was very keen to give me his ideas about he expansion. 1) I don't think that we are going to be massively affected. I think that in certain areas we will b like with the animal toys, and certain typed of food, i.e. dog and cat food. But we offer a different product to the massive super store. We offer pets and the products that the animals need. (He said need with a lot of emphasis) 2) I do think that a lot of people are going to be affected by the expansion in different ways. I think that people are going to be kept awake at night by the constant traffic flow into and away from the store. Also the delivery lorries come in all through the day and night. Pollution is going to be a problem. As I am manager of a pet store I am very concerned about the animals around the area. There is area or woodland next to the roundabout that will be home to all sorts of creatures that will hunt at night, so there will be a bigger chance of them being run over. 3) I think that all the businesses in Clevedon are going to either suffer or benefit from the expansion. Due to Tesco's bringing in more customers or taking the customers to them. I then went to interview the bakeries. I am going to sum up what the 3 bakeries said and put them into one as they all said the same thing. 1) They all said more or less the same thing, we think that we are going to loose a lot of customers all our younger and middle aged customers will properly choose Tesco's as they will be cheaper. But the older generation are properly going to use us, as they have been using us all their life. Plus the loyal customers that come in to get the bread or tea, they will keep coming to us 2) They all said that the expansion of Tesco's is going to cause a lot of pollution and noise around the Kenn road area, but it wont so much affect the centre of Clevedon. 3) They all said the same thing for this question that it will keep all the bakeries on their feet and keep their standards high. I then went on to interview more shops around the centre of Clevedon and on hill road. They all came out with the same points as above so I have decided to not to include the interviews. I am however going to include information that I found from Morrison's. Nobody was available to comment on behalf of Morrison's but I found an article on the Internet that sums up their views. â€Å"Morrisons has warned the future of its Clevedon store would be under threat if Tesco is given the go-ahead to expand. The retailer says if Tesco is allowed to more than double the size of its Kenn Road store, it would hit the vitality of Clevedon town centre. It has written to North Somerset Council planners strongly objecting to Tesco's proposals. Its planning agent, Peacock and Smith, said there was no need for further supermarket expansion in Clevedon. It said: â€Å"The Morrisons store is the largest retail facility in the town centre and anchors the centre. â€Å"It generates a significant number of linked shopping trips with other shops and services in the town. â€Å"Our client has confirmed that its long-term viability may be under threat if the proposed development were to be approved. â€Å"Should closure of the store ultimately occur, this would also have major implications for the health of Clevedon town centre. â€Å"Accordingly, we consider that, in accordance with national and local retail policy to foster the health of town centres, this application should be refused.† It adds there is spare capacity at its Clevedon store and it is undertrading. Turnover is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10.6 million per year, whereas it would expect it to be à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½15 million for a store of that size.† This is the information I have gained from shops, it is both primary, the interviews on the shops, and secondary, the articles I have got off the Internet. I am now going to see what customers at Tesco and Morrison's think of the expansion. I found this very difficult and no one seemed willing to give me explanations so I had to except one word yes or no answers. I asked 50 random people the two questions and got closed answers (yes no). 1) Do you want Tesco's should expand? 2) Do you think the expansion is going to affect the small business and shops in Clevedon? Positive Negative Won't affect it Evaluation From all the evidence I have gathered from both primary and secondary sources, I have found out that most people think that the expansion of Tesco's is going to affect local businesses. However people think that the affects it is going to have could be negative or positive. A lot more people believe that it is going to have negative affects on the local businesses. 72% of 50 people I randomly selected from Morrison's and Tesco believe that the affects are going to be negative. This is a vast majority of my random selection. However 20% of people I surveyed believed that the affects are going to positive. By brining in more people to the area, thus bringing more people to the shops. The shop owners came across differently. They all believed that there are going to affects on the economy. The only shops that feel that they are going to be affected are the shops that stock the same products as what Tesco do. The shops that stock specialist items like New Look, don't feel threatened at all. As they have their own designer's so they don't think they will be negatively affected. They think that the new Tesco will bring in more people to Clevedon so more people will visit the shops. Everyone apart from a few people think that in some way the expansion of Tesco's will affect the local businesses. This answers my question is the Expansion of Tesco's going to affect the local businesses? From all my research the answer to the question is yes the businesses are going to be affected but it may be for the better or the worse. If I were to do this task I would do a couple of things differently. In my questions that I asked the shops I would make question 3 â€Å"Do you think there will be any side affects of the expansion of Tesco's? These could be positive of negative. Please explain your answer.† I would make this question more specific or I would get rid of it. Yes I got a lot of information off this question but the information was not relevant to my question so it was a waste of time. I would also ask a lot more random questions, as I think that this is the best way to find out what people think. I believe I have answered my question and have got a lot of evidence to back up my point.

Research Qualitative Review

This paper will critique the qualitative study written by Peiters, et al. (2011), which looks at the journey and barriers older women diagnosed with breast cancer must hurdle to receive treatment. This research was to reveal the complexities of breast cancer diagnosis, treatment and life in general for women greater than seventy-years old. To achieve this task, Peiters, et al. , (2011) implemented the constructivist grounded theory. The data analysis approach appropriately utilized for this research was constructivist grounded theory. This theory allows for self reflection during data gathering and analysis, which divulges any influential prejudices that may arise from both researcher and study subject. Influencing this theory is symbolic interactionism which emphasizes ones’ ultimate ambition and the lifelong social synergy that transpires to achieve it (Peiters, et al. , 2011). The recruitment of participants was obtained by posting flyers in public areas in Southern California and two bordering states. The locations targeted were oncology departments, cancer support agencies, oncologist offices, churches, senior community centers, and retirement centers. Newspaper advertisements, as well were used to elicit participation. Purposive and snowballing techniques were utilized. Screening for eligibility, clearly defined, was done via telephone for inclusions which ended with eighteen women all over the age of seventy, completed treatment for treatment for breast cancer within the last three to fifteen months. Informed consent was obtained and interviews took place mainly in homes or apartments lasting up to two and a half hours. One limitation of the study was that second interviews stopped at only ten women and may have excluded valuable new incite to the study, although researchers claim that second interviews revealed no new data, hence implying data saturation. Adequate thick description was given of the participants, setting and study processes to ensure transferability (Polit & Beck, 2012). Interviews were guided by a questionnaire and responses were tape recorded, followed by verbatim transcription. Examples of interview questions were provided for the reader to convey effectiveness of the process (Polit & Beck, 2012). Other helpful tables provided were the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Category schemes revealed are three barriers that theses breast cancer survivors faced, which were lack of information, preexisting co-morbidities and multiple health care appointments. These schemes prove logical for the study as they helped elaborate the purpose of the research. Multiple passages from the participants were extracted to give evidence of well interpreted data and emotional state of the participants. Data analysis was systematic initial coding, followed by focused coding using ATLAS. ti, version 6. to magnify reoccurring data. To create a audit trail, memos, field notes and diagrams were written. Two researchers, one of them being the principle investigator and the other well versed in grounded theory analysis, were responsible for coding and analyzing the data. In nursing the level of evidence provides assurance for the methods that were utilized for the study (Polit & Beck, 2012). This research would qualify as level VI, given that it is a single descriptive, qualitative, physiologic study specific to women aged seventy or older and their journey through life with breast cancer. The goals of this research are affirmed by the extensive detailed interviews of eighteen older women and their struggles with breast cancer. Each participant plummeted through barricades to recieveing health care. The importance of an oncology nurse navigator emerged as a valuable role to help clarify the process of obtaining services for healthcare. Meticulous care was taken in the transcription of taped interviews and explicit excerpts were bestowed to the reader to ensure trustworthiness.