The female influence in politics of Latin America Free Essays

While examining Latin American district I was addressed why this area has more quantities of female presidents. Accordingly, in this exposition, I did some little investigate with a rundown of female agents as a head of states. I think the job of ladies is wherever fundamental and can incorporate huge impact as in public activity so in legislative issues. We will compose a custom exposition test on The female impact in governmental issues of Latin America or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now A few people contend that women’s nearness in power is a straightforward inquiry of decency. Reasonableness that requests ladies to get their legitimate portion of intensity whether or not they us this capacity to advance women’s interests. Another explanation is viewed as the spread of globalization. This wonder has given the drive for raise of woman's rights in Latin American locale. In this manner, the more noteworthy nearness of ladies in national councils concurred with remarkable regard for women’s rights issues like abusive behavior at home, multiplication and family law. Ladies from various ideological groups were shaping coalitions to put women’s issues on the approach plan and afterward to compel their male partners to help changes in law. One emotional case of the potential changes ladies pioneers brings originates from Mexico. In 2000, Rosario Robles, at that point chairman of Mexico City, broke the Latin American fetus removal impasse by acquainting enactment with adjust the city’s criminal code on premature birth matters. The proposition, endorsed through help by the PRD (Partido de la Revolucion Democratica) and PRI (Partido Revolucionario Institucional) parties, sanctioned premature births performed if the mother’s wellbeing (not simply her life) is in danger and if the embryo has birth deserts. Robles acknowledged the long-standing women's activist contention that fetus removal is a general medical issue, since depending on stealthy premature births presents grave dangers for women’s lives and wellbeing. No other Latin American nation has changed its fetus removal laws since the 1940s. The 1990s we saw consistent development in women’s investment in political force in Latin America. The outcome can be women’s portrayal in the lower places of congress expanded from a normal of 9 % in 1990 to 15 % in 2002; in the Senate, from 5 % to 12 % in 2002; and among pastors, from 9 % to13 % in 2000. These numbers put Latin America behind Europe, comparable to Asia, and in front of Africa, the Pacific and the Middle East. It’s clear that Latin American district has more instances of female presidents at the leader of the state rather in different nations. In Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela, ladies have run for president with a sensible possibility of winning, and even won. Dilma Rouseff of Brazil, Cristina Kirchner in Argentina, Michelle Bachelett of Chile, Laura Chinchilla in Costa Rica, Isabel Peron as a first female leader of the district. In more nations, ladies have filled in as VPs, and ladies have represented the region’s (and world’s) two biggest urban areas, Sao Paulo and Mexico City. In this I present summed up data about female home office in LA: Dilma Rousseff, Brazil 2010. Dilma Rousseff of the decision Workers’ Party has quite recently been chosen leader of Brazil †a country of right around 200 million individuals, and a rising worldwide force. She is a lifelong representative, and was †until running for the administration †head of staff to President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva; before that she was vitality serve. Lula gave her his full sponsorship during the battle and she has vowed to proceed with his arrangements. The individuals who know Rousseff depict her as a â€Å"tough cookie†, and as a decided, down to earth lady who likes to complete things. One of her epithets is ‘the iron lady’. She is supposed to be adroit, with a key, sensible brain. Her dad was a worker from Bulgaria, and her mom a teacher. While an understudy during the 1960s, she joined the left-wing outfitted opposition against the military tyranny. Despite the fact that she says she was never associated with brutality herself, she was viewed as a key figure inside the development. She was captured and held for a long time, during which time she was tormented. Ms Rousseff was discharged in 1973, continued her examinations in financial matters, and afterward joined the common assistance. Laura Chinchilla, President of Costa Rica 2010. Laura Chinchilla was confirmed as leader of Costa Rica in May of this current year, after a decisive triumph in races in February. She is with the anti-extremist National Liberation Party, and was VP under her antecedent, Oscar Arias. Ms Chinchilla has held a few governments’ posts and originates from a political family. She concentrated in Costa Rica and at Georgetown University in the US. Ms Chinchilla is viewed as a social preservationist, and is against gay marriage and fetus removal. She has vowed to proceed with the free-advertise arrangements of previous president Arias, and to develop Costa Rica’s organized commerce bargains. Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner, President of Argentina 2007 Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner cleared to triumph in the first round of Argentina’s presidential political race in October 2007. She assumed control over the administration from her better half Nestor Kirchner. The two worked intently together, and were named â€Å"the Clintons of the South†. Mr Kirchner kicked the bucket of a coronary failure at 60 years old in October 2010. Christina Fernandez has a long reputation in governmental issues going back to the late 1980s. She has worked in the territorial parliament, the national parliament, and as a representative. She considered law at college, and is known for her work battling on human rights and women’s rights. Michelle Bachelet, President of Chile 2006-2010 Michelle Bachelet was introduced as leader of Chile for the Socialist Party in March 2006. She had recently been Chile’s Defense Minister †the main lady to hold that post in Latin America †and furthermore wellbeing pastor. She examined military system and is prepared as a pediatrician and a disease transmission specialist. In 1970s, in the beginning of Augusto Pinochet’s rule, her dad was hung on charges of conspiracy. Ms Bachelet and her mom were likewise kept and tormented, before going into oust. As wellbeing priest Ms Bachelet created a ruckus in ardently Catholic Chile by permitting the free dispersion of a next day contraceptive for casualties of sexual maltreatment. She ventured down in March 2010 with a prevalence rating of over 80%, as the Chilean constitution doesn't permit a second back to back presidential term. She is right now leader of another United Nations office taking a shot at sexual orientation issues, called UN Women. Mireya Moscoso, President of Panama 1999-2004 Mireya Moscoso won presidential decisions in May 1999, and was in control a year later for the US handover of the Panama waterway. She is the widow of three-time president Arnulfo Arias. She started her political profession after her husband’s demise. Ms Moscoso originated from a poor, rustic foundation, and prepared as an inside creator. She vowed to work to diminish neediness in Panama. In any case, her administration was hounded by claims of defilement. Rosalia Arteaga, between time President of Ecuador 1997 Rosalia Arteaga went about as break leader of Ecuador for only two days in February 1997, when the previous pioneer, Abdala Bucaram, was pronounced unfit to administer. She was VP before that. Ms Arteaga ran for the administration in decisions in 1998, yet got just a little portion of the vote. Violeta Chamorro, President of Nicaragua 1990-1997 Violetta Chamorro beat the occupant Daniel Ortega in decisions, to become leader of Nicaragua in April 1990. She was the possibility for the National Opposition Union †an alliance of gatherings that ran against the Sandinistas. Her offer was upheld by the US, who lifted endorses on the nation after her political race. Ms Chamorro originates from a well off family and was taught abroad, remembering for the US. She entered legislative issues after her better half Pedro Joaquin Chamorro †who had been proofreader of an enemy of government paper †was killed. She took over as proofreader of the paper after his homicide. She is credited for carrying dependability and harmony to Nicaragua. Lidia Gueiler Tejada, break President of Bolivia, 1979-1980 Lidia Gueiler Tejada was between time leader of Bolivia from 1979 to 1980. She was picked to pursue the nation uncertain races and the expelling of the brief president Walter Guevara. She was to lead Bolivia until new races, however she herself was expelled in an overthrow before they were held. She prepared as a bookkeeper, and functioned as a Member of Congress and as leader of the Chamber of Deputies before being break pioneer. She later filled in as Bolivian Ambassador to various nations. Isabel Peron, President of Argentina 1974-1976 Isabel Peron was the principal lady president in Latin America. She took over as leader of Argentina when her significant other †the three-time president Juan Domingo Peron †passed on in office in 1974. Isabel Peron was his third spouse, and they wedded quite a long while after the passing of the much-cherished First Lady Eva Peron. Referred to Argentineans as â€Å"Isabelita†, Ms Peron was a previous nightclub artist. During her administration, there were various work strikes, and several political homicides. Isabel Peron was expelled in a military overthrow in 1976, and held under house capture for quite a long while before moving to Spain. In 2007, Argentina gave a global capture warrant for her, over her supposed connects to a conservative paramilitary gathering, which worked during her standard. Argentinean specialists likewise needed to scrutinize her over the vanishing of two men. Spain dismissed the removal demand; the court there decided that there was deficient proof against her. In these and different ways, women’s political conduct mama

Lord of the flies reflection Essay Example For Students

Master of the flies reflection Essay Thoroughly analyze Essay : Lord of the FliesLord of the Flies shows an inconspicuous yet significant message, for the most part about the way that people can transform practically any circumstance into a malicious one. The epic is completely founded on endeavoring to comprehend this message. Sadly the film for different reasons doesn't do the novel equity in the plot and detail office. The tale is stuffed with subtleties and psyche reveling unexpected developments. In any case, the film forgets about these as well as neglects to incorporate or changed fundamental pieces of the story. One of these components was the nationality of the young men who are abandoned on the island. In the novel the young men are British yet in the film they are American. This not just influenced appearance, for example, garments and accents, yet in addition the way that the young men acted mirrored the various societies that they had experienced childhood in and was diverse in every adaptation. A case of this if how they thought of the military, in the novel they referenced connects to world war 2, yet in the film they just discussed the military as somebody who might spare them and war was rarely truly referenced. Likewise an alternate change from the novel to the film was the time setting between the two. In the novel the assessed time was the 1940s, and the young men mirrored this by beginning on the island as great younger students that had regard for their older folks, and so on. In the film the time period was anyplace from the late 80s to the mid 90s, it was fairly difficult to characterize a definite date. The time setting appeared in the innovation that was available at the time, for example, helicopters. Additionally in the film the young men began on the island as young men who are going to military school and were mostly desensitized to brutality, perhaps from the TV and media of the 80s and 90s which is an incredible jump from the 40s. This potentially may have had any kind of effect in how the kids responded to Jack and the entirety of his insubordinate thoughts. One other distinction between the two stories is the principle wellspring of discussion and fears that drove the young men into their outlooks. In the novel the mammoth was continually referenced and drove the possibility of a savage beast wandering free among them. This significantly influenced the manner in which the young men responded to whatever would get their brain off being eaten by the mammoth. For example, chasing with Jack, playing a kind of converse physiology on themselves by chasing as opposed to being pursued, this caused them to feel progressively make sure about as I would like to think. In the film the brute is essentially the pilot who remained alive on the island and doesnt put dread into their souls for extremely long, it just doesnt have an incredible same impact as the books mammoth did. At the point when it comes down to the knitty dirty, I would pick the novel over the film on the off chance that it came down to which was all the more intriguing, however that is the thing that happens when you need to stick 200 pages in a very little over 60 minutes.

Khan Academy and Breakthrough Prize launch the Breakthrough Junior Challenge

Khan Academy and Breakthrough Prize launch the Breakthrough Junior Challenge Calling all scientists, mathematicians and filmmakers, aged 13-18! Today, in partnership with Breakthrough Prize, we are launching the Breakthrough Junior Challenge. Submit a video (at most 10 minutes) that explains a challenging and important concept or theory in mathematics, life sciences, or physics and you could win a $250,000 scholarship - with $50,000 for your teacher, and a state-of-the-art $100,000 science lab for your school. The winner will also be invited to the televised red carpet 2016 Breakthrough Prize ceremony in Silicon Valley, where the prize will be awarded, and the winner will meet today’s superstars of science from Silicon Valley and Hollywood. The deadline for submissions is October 7, so register today at www.breakthroughjuniorchallenge.org, where you can find all the details. Khan Academy and Breakthrough Prize launch the Breakthrough Junior Challenge Calling all scientists, mathematicians and filmmakers, aged 13-18! Today, in partnership with Breakthrough Prize, we are launching the Breakthrough Junior Challenge. Submit a video (at most 10 minutes) that explains a challenging and important concept or theory in mathematics, life sciences, or physics and you could win a $250,000 scholarship - with $50,000 for your teacher, and a state-of-the-art $100,000 science lab for your school. The winner will also be invited to the televised red carpet 2016 Breakthrough Prize ceremony in Silicon Valley, where the prize will be awarded, and the winner will meet today’s superstars of science from Silicon Valley and Hollywood. The deadline for submissions is October 7, so register today at www.breakthroughjuniorchallenge.org, where you can find all the details.

Ideas and Identity - 800 Words

BAR 150 In this essay we will be examining the internal tension in the mainstream representation of people seeking asylum in Australia The issue of â€Å"truth† and its representation in regards to the perception of â€Å"non (White) Australian† Australians has been a recurring motif through out Australian history. The majority of representations of Indigenous Australians, those the White Australia policy was designed to exclude and refugees who arrived since World War 2 have been deliberately manipulated to reinforce the perceived undesirability of these people. Since the Howard governments commitment to its â€Å"hard-line† approach to refugees, the Australian public has been subjected to a non-stop campaign of negative media images†¦show more content†¦The term â€Å"refugee† is value laden. It carries centuries of imagery, something connected to our own histories, whether personal or cultural, an image deserving charity or compassion. But by its very neutrality, its bureaucratic blandness, the term â€Å"asylum seeker† distances us from the natural reaction of wanting to offer refuge, to one of objectivity and lack of emotional engagement. Whats ironic here is that the term was probably coined by a well meaning academic attempting to remove the stigma of those emotional, pejorative or inaccurate labels like â€Å"boat people† , â€Å"queue jumpers† or the particularly insidious â€Å"genuine refugee†. Unfortunately their efforts have been co-opted by the opinion makers to reduce the experience of afflicted people to what sounds like a category on a governmental form. The fact that this term is so bureaucratic means that it ties in well with the label â€Å"queue jumper† further reinforcing the image of refugees as importunate opportunists who just want a share of â€Å"the good life†, Aussie style. With the Abbot governments media black-out on reports on the arrival of refugee boats we see the negative representation of asylum seekers taken one step further to complete erasure. If we do not see any images of refugees then obviously they no longer exist. Abbott defended this measure by comparing his campaign to â€Å"stop the boats† with a military operation and therefore warranting secrecy. I wouldShow MoreRelatedIdentity Is The Idea Of Knowing Who You Are1534 Words   |  7 PagesIdentity is the idea of knowing who you are and what you stand for, but society has an affect on everyone’s identity. In some cases the identity that you believe is a person may not be the same as who they truly are. Each person’s identity is created and affected by society, this is because who you are as a person is affected by how you grow up, the people around you, and what you have been taught. Your identity is who you truly are, and sometimes many people do not know you r true identity, theyRead MoreIdeas Of Personal Identity, Human Nature, And Reality877 Words   |  4 PagesMy aim in this essay is to analyze in this order the ideas of personal identity, human nature, and reality. The following essays and films will be analyzed: Divided Minds and the Nature of Persons, The Selfish Cooperator, Does the Real World Exist, Transfer, I Am and The Signal. In Derek Parfit s Divided Minds and the Nature of Persons, we learn that personal identity is ever changing, whereas in Richard Dawkin s essay The Selfish Cooperator we are taught that human nature is circumstantialRead MoreThe Idea Of Identity, By Denise Chavez, A Dead Mexican Movie Star1902 Words   |  8 Pages The idea of identity is one that is extremely difficult to master. 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The poems also both show an interest in the notion of identity and it’s fluidity, although Stein employs repeated images in her investigation whilst Williams

The Nature Of A Human Being Means - 2165 Words

Seeing the significance in anything from an object to a human being means that it has grown to have sentimental value and has become important enough be kept around. While it is normal for others to choose to place worth on physical things such as materialistic entities, Confucians have long treasured practices that were deemed significant enough to be passed down to future generations to benefit from. These practices are unique in their own ways and have engrained itself into traditions around the world, people utilize these long-time practices to teach the younger generation about family, respect, honor, prosperity, and much more. Confucians specifically have valued these practices to an extent where they have become rituals that are essential for the young to learn. Due to the reasons that Confucians believed that participating in these rituals would serve as a way for society to strengthen mankind, unite the people, and preserve spirituality within the religion simultaneously. Co nfucius believed that life was a process of transformation with ups and downs, tasks to follow, and stages to pass through as one ages. Therefore, he documented his life journey to be able to recommend to his followers how he thinks life develops and created rituals along the way for everyone to fulfill. Confucianism itself is â€Å"known as a tradition of ritual/ propriety (lijiao)† (Yao 191), therefore it is easy to see why rituals have become such a significant factor within this following.Show MoreRelatedThe Natural Law Theory Of Human Nature954 Words   |  4 PagesIt is our human nature that makes us feel great when we get a job and makes us feel horrible for something we steal something. This is because it feels natural for us to feel that we did something right or wrong. The natural law theory tells us that an action is morally right if it is natural and an action is wrong if it is unnatural. 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In order for a political theory to function in a certain society, it needs to understand how people think and act. Three prominent political theorists were Aristotle, Niccolo Machiavelli, and Thomas Hobbes. Aristotle viewed humans as natural â€Å"political animals† that have both rational and irrational sides to them, allowing for a government that pr ovided overall goodness for the people. Machiavelli took a more grim view of human nature

Night World Daughters of Darkness Chapter 8 Free Essays

She waited another hour after he set off down theroad, heading east-doing what, she had no idea. There was nothing that way except two creeks andlots of trees. And her house. We will write a custom essay sample on Night World : Daughters of Darkness Chapter 8 or any similar topic only for you Order Now She hoped he was goingto try to walk into town, and that he didn’t realize how far it was. All right, he’s gone, now forget about him. You’vegot a job to do, remember? A slightly dangerous one. And he’s not involved. I don’t believe he knows anything about what happened to Mrs. B. She got the shovel and started down the road west.As she walked she found that she was able to put Ash out of her mind completely. Because all she could think of was what was waiting ahead. I’m not scared to do it; I’m not scared, I’m notscared†¦. OfcourseI’m scared. But being scared was good, it would make her careful. She would do this job quickly and quietly. In through the gap in the hedge, a little fast work with the shovel, out again before anybody saw her. She tried not to picture what she was going to findwith that shovel if she was right. She approachedBurdock Farm cautiously, going north and then doubling back southeast to come in through the back property. The farmland had gone wild here, taken over by poison oak, beargrass, and dodder, besides the inevitable blackberry bushes and gorse. Tan oaks and chinquapins were moving in. Sometime soon these pastures would be forest. I’m not sure I believe I’m doing this, MaryLynnette thought as she reached the hedge that surrounded the garden. But the strange thing was that she didbelieve it. She was going to vandalize a neighbor’s property and probably look at a dead bodyand she was surprisingly cool about it. Scared but not panicked. Maybe there was more hidden inside her than she realized. I may not be who I’ve always thought I am. The garden was dark and fragrant. It wasn’t theirises and daffodils Mrs. B. had planted; it wasn’t the fireweed and bleeding heart that were growing wild. It was the goats. Mary-Lynnette stuck to the perimeter of the hedge,eyes on the tall, upright silhouette of the farmhouse. There were only two windows lit. Please don’t let them see me and please don’t letme make a noise. Still looking at the house, she walked slowly, taking careful baby steps to the place where the earth was disturbed. The first couple of swipes with the shovel hardly moved the soil. Okay. Put a little conviction in it. And don’t watch the house; there’s no point. If they look out, they’re going to see you, and there’s nothing you can do about it. Just as she put her foot on the shovel, somethingwent hooshin the rhododendrons behind her. Crouched over her shovel,Mary-Lynnette froze. Stop worrying, she told herself. That’s not the sisters. It’s not Ash coming back. That’s an animal. She listened. A mournful maaaa came from the goat shed. It wasn’t anything. It was a rabbit. Dig! She got out a spadeful of dirt-and then she heardit again. Hoosh. A snuffling sound. Then a rustling. Definitely an animal. But if it was a rabbit, it was an awfully loud one. Who cares what it is? Mary-Lynnette told herself.There aren’t any dangerous animalsout here. And I’m not afraid of the dark. It’s my natural habitat. I love the night. But tonight, somehow, she felt differently. Maybe it was just the scene with Ash that had shaken her, made her feel confused and discontented. But just now she felt almost as if something was trying to tell her that the dark wasn’t any human’s natural habitat. That she wasn’t built for it, with her weak eyes and her insensitive ears and dull nose. That she didn’t belong. Hoosh. I may have rotten hearing, but I can hearthatjustfine. And it’s big. Something big’s sniffing around in bushes. What kind of big animal could be out here? Itwasn’t a deer deer went snort-wheeze. It sounded larger than a coyote, taller. A bear? Then she heard a different sound the vigorousshaking of dry, leathery rhododendron leaves. In the dim light from the house she couldseethe branches churning as something tried to emerge. it’s coming out. Mary-Lynnette clutched her shovel and ran. Nottoward the gap in the hedge, not toward the housethey were both too dangerous. She ran to the goat shed. I can defend myself in here-keep it out—hit itwith the shovel†¦. The problem was that she couldn’t see from in here.There were two windows in the shed, but between dirt on the glass and the darkness outside, Mary-Lynnette couldn’t make out anything. She couldn’teven see the goats, although she could hear them. Don’t turn on the penlight. It’ll just give awayyour position. Holding absolutely still, she strained tohear any thing from outside. Nothing. Her nostrils were full of goat. The layers of oat straw and decomposing droppings on the floor were smelly, and they kept the shed too warm. Her palms were sweating as she gripped the shovel. I’ve never hit anybody †¦ not since Mark and Iwere kids fighting †¦ but, heck, I kicked a strangerthis morning†¦ . She hoped the potential for violence would comeout now when she needed it. A goat nudged her shoulder.Mary-Lynnette shrugged it away. The other goat bleated suddenlyand she bit her lip. Oh, God-I heard something out there. The goatheard it, too. She could taste her bitten lip. It was like sucking on a penny. Blood tasted like copper, which, she realizedsuddenly, tasted like fear. Something opened the shed door. What happened then was that Mary-Lynnette Something unholy was after her. Something thatsniffed like an animal but could open doors like ahuman. She couldn’t see what it was-just a shadowdarkness against darkness. She didn’t think ofturning on the penlight-her only impulse was to smash out with the shovel now, to get ft before ft could get her. She was tingling with the instinct forpure, primordial violence. Instead, she managed to hiss, â€Å"Who is ft? Who’sthere?† A familiar voice said,†Iknew you were going to do this. I’ve been lookingeverywherefor you.† â€Å"Oh,God, Mark.† Mary-Lynnette sagged against wall of the shed, letting go of the shovel. The goats were both bleating. Mary-Lynnette’s earswere ringing. Mark shuffled farther in. â€Å"Jeez, this place smells. What are you doing inhere?† â€Å"Youjerk,†Mary-Lynnette said. â€Å"I almost brained you!† 0†³You said you were forgetting all this crazy stuff. You lied to me.† â€Å"Mark, you don’t †¦We can talk later†¦. Did you hearanything out there?† She was trying to gather her thoughts. â€Å"Like what?† He was so calm. It made MaryLynnette feel vaguely foolish. Then his voice sharpened. â€Å"Like a yowling?† â€Å"No. Like a snuffling.† Mary-Lynnette’s breath was slowing. â€Å"I didn’t hear anything. We’d better get out ofhere. What are we supposed to say if Jade comes out?† Mary-Lynnette didn’t know how to answer that. Mark was in a different world, a happy, shiny world where the worst that could happen tonight was embarrassment. Finally she said â€Å"Mark, listen to me. I’m your sister. I don’t have any reason to lie to you, or playtricks on you, or put down somebody you like. AndI don’t just jump to conclusions; I don’t imagine things. But I’m telling you, absolutely seriously,that there is something weird going on with these girls.† Mark opened his mouth, but she went on relentlessly. â€Å"So now there are only two things you can believe, and one is that I’m completely out of mymind, and the other is that it’s true. Do you really think I’m crazy?† She was thinking of the past as she said it, of allthe nights they’d held on to each other when their mother wassick, of the books she’d read out loud tohim, of the times she’d put Band-Aids on his scrapes and extra cookies in his lunch. And somehow, even though it was dark, she could sense that Mark was remembering, too. They’d shared so much. They would always be connected. Finally Mark said quietly, â€Å"You’re not crazy.† â€Å"Thank you.† â€Å"But I don’t know what to think. Jade wouldn’t hurtanybody. I justknow that. And since I met her , .†Hepaused. â€Å"Mare, it’s like now I know why I’m alive.She’s different from any girl I’ve ever known. She’s ____ she’s so brave, and so funny, and so †¦ herself.† And I thought it was the blond hair, MaryLynnette thought. Shows how shallow I am. She was moved and surprised by the change in Mark-but mostly she was frightened. Frightenedsick. Her cranky, cynical brother had found somebody to care about at last †¦ and the girl was probably descended from Lucrezia Borgia. And now, even though she couldn’t see him, shecould hear earnest appeal in his voice. â€Å"Mare, can’t we just go home?† Mary-Lynnette felt sicker. She broke off and they both snapped their heads to look at the shed window. Outside a light had gone on. â€Å"Shut the door,† Mary-Lynnette hissed, in a tone that made Mark dose the door to the shed instantly. â€Å"And be quiet,- she added, grabbing his arm and pulling him next to the wall. She looked cautiously out the window. Rowan came out of the back door first, followedbyjade,followed by Kestrel. Kestrel had a shovel. Oh. My. God. â€Å"What’s happening?† Mark said, trying to get alook. Mary-Lynnette damped a hand over his mouth.What was happening was that the girls were digging up the garden again. She didn’t see anything wrapped in garbage bags this time. So what were they doing? Destroying the evidence? Were they going to take it into the houseand burn it, chop it up? Her heart was pounding madly. Mark had scooted up and was looking out. MaryLynnette heard him take a breath-and then choke. Maybe he was trying to think of an innocent explanation for this. She squeezed his shoulder. They both watched as the girls took turns with theshovel. Mary-Lynnette was impressed all over againat how strong they were. Jade looked so fragile. Every time one of the sisters glanced around the garden, Mary-Lynnette’s heart skipped a beat. Don’t see us, don’t hear us, don’t catch us, she thought. When a respectable mound of dirt had piled up, Rowan and Kestrel reached into the hole. They lifted out the long garbage-bagged bundle Mary-Lynnettehad seen before. It seemed to be stiff-and surpris ingly light. For the first time, Mary-Lynnette wondered if it was too light to be a body. Or too stiff †¦ how longdid rigor mortis last? Mark’s breathing was irregular, almost wheezing.The girls were carrying the bundle to the gap inthe hedge. Mark cursed. Mary-Lynnette’s brain was racing. She hissed,†Mark, stay here. I’m going to follow them-â€Å" â€Å"I’m going with you!† â€Å"You have to tell Dad if anything happens to me-â€Å" â€Å"I’m going withyou.† There wasn’t time to argue. And something inside Mary-Lynnette was glad to have Mark’s strength to back her. She gasped, â€Å"Come on, then. And don’t make asound.† She was worried they might have already lost the sisters–it was such a dark night. But when she and Mark squeezed through the gap in the rhododendron bushes, she saw a light ahead. A tiny, bobbing white light. The sisters were using a flashlight. Keep quiet, move carefully. Mary-Lynnette didn’tdare say it out loud to Mark, but she kept thinking it over and over, like a mantra. Her whole consciousness was fixed on the little shaft of light that was leading them, like a comet’s tail in the darkness. The light took them south, into a stand of Douglasfir. It wasn’t long before they were walking into forest. Where are they going? Mary-Lynnette thought. She could feel fine tremors in her muscles as she tried to move as quickly as possible without making a sound. They were lucky–the floor of this forest was carpeted with needles from Douglas fir and Ponderosa pine. The needles were fragrant and slightly damp and they muffled footsteps. Mary-Lynnette could hardly hear Mark walking behind her except when he hurt himself. They went on for what seemed like forever. It was pitch dark and Mary-Lynnette very quickly lost any sense of where they were. Or how they were going to get back. Oh, God, I was crazy to do this-and to bring Markalong, too. We’re out in the middle of the woodswith three crazy girls†¦. The light had stopped. Mary-Lynnette stopped, holding out an arm thatMark immediately ran into. She was staring at thelight, trying to make sure it really wasn’t moving away. No. It was steady. It was pointed at the ground. â€Å"Let’s get loser,† Mark whispered, putting his lips against Mary-Lynnette’s ear. She nodded and began to creep toward the light, as slowly and silently asshe knew how. Every few steps she paused and stood absolutely still, waiting to see if the light was going to turn her way. It didn’t. She got down and crawled the last ten feet to the edge of the clearing where the girls had stopped. Once there, she had a good view of what they were doing. Digging. Kestrel had shoveled the pine needles aside and was working on a hole. Mary-Lynnette felt Mark crawl up beside her,crushing sword fern and woodfem. She could feel his chest heaving. She knew he saw what she saw. I’m so sorry. Oh, Mark, I’m so sorry. There was no way to deny it now. Mary-Lynnetteknew. She didn’t even need to look in the bag. How am I going to find this place again? When I bring the sheriff back, how am I going to remember it? It’s like a maze in one of those computer fantasy games-Mixed Evergreen Forest in every direction,and nothing to distinguish any bit of it from any other bit. She chewed her lip. The bed of moist needles she was lying on was soft and springy-actually comfortable. They could wait here for a long time, until the sisters left, and then mark the trees somehow. Takephotographs. Tie their socks to branches. In the clearing the flashlight beam showed a hand putting down the shovel. Then Rowan and Kestrellifted the garbage-bagged bundle-Jade must beholding the flashlight, Mary-Lynnette thought-and lowered it into the hole. Good. Now cover it up and leave. The beam showed Rowan bending to pick up the shovel again. She began quickly covering the hole with dirt. Mary-Lynnette was happy. Over soon, she thought, and let out a soft breath of relief. And in that instant everything in the clearingchanged. The flashlight beam swung wildly. Mary-Lynnette flattened herself, feeling her eyes widen. She could see a silhouette against the light-golden hair haloed around the face. Kestrel. Kestrel was standing, facing Mark and Mary-Lynnette, her body tense and still. Listening. Listening. Mary-Lynnette lay absolutely motionless, mouthopen, trying to breathe without making a soundThere were things crawling in the soft, springy needlebed under her. Centipedes and millipedes. She didn’tdare move even when she felt something tickle acrossher back under her shirt. Her own ears rang from listening. But the forest was silent †¦ eerily dent. All Mary-Lynnette couldhear was her own heart pounding wildly in herchest-although ft felt as if it were in her throat, too.It made her head bob with its rhythm. She was afraid. And it wasn’t just fear. It was something shecouldn’t remember experiencing since she was nineor ten. Ghost fear. The fear of something you’re not even sure exists. Somehow, watching Kestrel’s silhouette In the dark woods, Mary-Lynnette was afraid of monsters.She had aterrible,terrible feeling. Oh, please–I shouldn’t have brought Mark here. It was then that she realized that Mark’s breathing was making a noise. Just a faint sound, not a whistling, more like a cat purring. It was the sound he’d made as a kid when his lungs were bad. Kestrel stiffened, her head turning, as if to locate a noise. Oh, Mark, no. Don’t breathe. Hold your breath-Everything happened very fast. Kestrel sprang forward. Mary-Lynnette saw her silhouette come running and jumping with unbelievable speed. Toofast-nobody moves thatfast .. . nobody human†¦. What are these girls? Her vision came in flashes,as if she were under a strobe light. Kestrel jumping. Dark trees all around. A moth caught in the beam. Kestrel coming down. Protect mark†¦ A deer. Kestrel was coming down on a deer. Mary-Lynnette’s mind was filled with jumbled, careening images. Images that didn’t make sense. She had a wild thought that it wasn’t Kestrel at all, but one of those raptor dinosaurs she’d seen at the movies. Because Kestrel moved like that. Or maybe ftwasn’t a deer-but Mary-Lynnette could seethe white at its throat, as pure as a lace ruffle at the throat of a young girl. She could see itsliquid black eyes. The deer screamed. Disbelief. I can’t be seeing this†¦. The deer was on the ground, delicate legs thrashing. And Kestrel was tangled with it. Her face buriedin the white of its throat. Her arms around it. The deer screamed again. Wrenched violently.Seemed to be having convulsions. The flashlight beam was all over the place. Then it dropped. At the very edge of the light, Mary-Lynnette could see two other figures join Kestrel.They were all holding the deer. There was one last spasm and it stopped fighting. Everything went still. Mary-Lynnette could see Jade’s hair, so fine that individual strands caught the light against the background of darkness. In the silent Bearing the three figures cradled thedeer. Huddling over it. Shoulders moving rhythmically. Mary-Lynnette couldn’t see exactly what theywere doing, but the general scene wasf,miliar.She’d seen it on dozens of nature documentaries. About wild dogs or lionesses or wolves. The pack hadhunted and now ft wasfeeding. I have always tried†¦ to bea very good observer. And now, I have to believe my own eyes†¦ . Beside her, Mark’s breath wassobbing. Oh, God, let me get him out of here. Please justlet us get out. It was as if she’d been suddenly released from paralysis. Her lip was bleeding again-she must havebitten down on it while she was watchingthe deer.Copperbloodfear filled her mouth. â€Å"Come on,† shegasped almost soundlessly, wiggling backward. Twigs and needles raked her stomachas her T-shirt rode up. She grabbed Mark’s arm.†Come onl† Instead, Mark lurched to his feet. â€Å"Mark!† She wrenched herself to her knees andtried to drag him down. He pulled away. Hetook a step toward theclearing. No â€Å"Jade!† He was heading for the clearing. No, Mary-Lynnette thought again, andthen shewas moving after him. They were caught now, andit really didn’t matter what he did. Butshe wantedto bewith him. â€Å"Jade!† Mark said and he grabbed the flashlight.He turned it directly on the little huddle at the edgeof the clearing. Three faces turned toward him. Mary-Lynnette’s mind reeled. It was one thing toguess what the girls were doing; it was another thingto seeit. Those three beautiful faces, white in the flashlight beam †¦with what looked like smearedlipstick on their mouths and chins. Cardinal red, thimbleberry color. But it wasn’t lipstick or burst thimbleberries. It wasblood, and the deer’s white neck was stained with it. Eating the deer, they’re really eating the deer;oh, God, they’re really doing it†¦. Some part of her mind-the part that had absorbedhorror movies-expected the three girls to hiss and cringe away from the light. To block it out with bloodstained hands while making savage faces. It didn’t happen. There were no animal noises, nodemon voices, no contortions. Instead, as Mary-Lynnette stood frozen in an agonyof horror, and Mark stood trying to get a normal breath, Jade straightened up. And said, â€Å"What are you guys doing out here?† In a puzzled, vaguely annoyed voice. The way youwould speak to some boy who keeps following you everywhere and asking you for a date. Mary-Lynnette felt her mind spinning off. There was a long silence. Then Rowan and Kestrelstood up. Mark was breathing heavily, moving the flashlight from one of the girls to another, but always coming back to Jade. â€Å"What areyoudoing out here; that’s the question!† he said raggedly. The flashlight whipped to the hole, then back tothe girls. â€Å"What are you doing?† â€Å"I asked you first,† Jade said, frowning. If ft hadJust been her, Mary-Lynnette would have started towonder if things were so awful after all. if maybethey weren’t in terrible danger. But Rowan and Kestrel were looking at each other,and then at Mark and Mary-Lynnette. And their ex pressions made Mary-Lynnette’s throat close. â€Å"You shouldn’t have followed us,† Rowan said.She looked grave and sad. â€Å"They shouldn’t have beenableto,† Kestrel said.She looked grim. â€Å"It’s because they smell like goats,† Jade said. â€Å"What are you doing?†Mark shouted again, almostsobbing. Mary-Lynnette wanted to reach for him, butshe couldn’t move. Jade wiped her mouth with the back of her hand.†Well, can’t youtell?†She turned to her sisters.†Now what are we supposed todo?† There was a silence. Then Kestrel said, â€Å"We don’thave a choice. We havetokill them.† How to cite Night World : Daughters of Darkness Chapter 8, Essay examples

Barbara Damashek a moving target Essay Example For Students

Barbara Damashek: a moving target Essay When Quilters hit the regional theatre circuit a decade ago, it sent Barbara Damashek on what she describes as a creative roller-coaster ride. It was one of those life-changing moments when you take a major creative leap, she says now, sitting in her small sunny cottage in the Berkeley hills, with a tomcat and a Siamese kitten acquired to add a sense of terra firma to her nomadic existence chasing each other across her lap. The metaphor of quilt-making has turned out to be a theme thats woven itself into the fabric of Damasheks life. As a freelancer, youre always putting together a quilt somehow, she notes wryly. This gypsy life takes away anything central, any sense of roots, community, continuity. In life and art, youre constantly looking for ways to pull things together, or you learn to allow them to coexist in their contradictory ways. Im much more conscious now of experiencing life as a patchwork, fragmented thing, and that informs everything I do. Before Quilters, shed led a relatively low-profile East Coast life teaching at conservatories and working as a composer/lyricist at Rhode Islands Trinity Repertory Company and Connecticuts Hartman Theatre. But when she was commissioned by Denver Center Theatre Company in the early 80s to put together a piece based on a book of oral histories of frontier women who made quilts, her life was forever changed. The musical, which she co-wrote with Molly Newman and directed, marked Damasheks first professional exposure as a director and became her main artistic focus for the following two years, as she toured with the show around the country, to Europe and finally to New York. It also established a unique creative niche for her in the national theatre scene as a director/composer/lyricist/writer of distinct sensibility and vision. Having settled in the Bay Area after a brief stint in the mid-80s as artistic director of the now-defunct Berkeley Jewish Theatre, Damashek maintains a loose artistic affiliation with San Franciscos Magic Theatre. But on the whole, her itinerant career has kept her, she says jokingly, a moving target. In fact, until recently she hadnt stayed in one place long enough to be registered to vote. In the first half of 1993 alone, she dashed from the Magic Theatre (where she directed the premiere of Steve Friedmans Trouble) to other directing jobs at Ashlands Oregon Shakespeare Festival (The Baltimore Waltz) and Shakespeare Santa Cruz (Alls Well that Ends Well). Outline1 Responding to the world  2 The names Diana  3 A capacity for paradox   Responding to the world   When Damashek first began creating theatre pieces, she applied her own particular musical vocabulary to mythology and fables, but now shes more interested in applying it to oral histories and documentary material. Im more aware now of the political implications of my work, she says thoughtfully. A favorite project was Whereabouts Unknown, a 1987 work commissioned by Actors Theatre of Louisville based on testimonies of the homeless. Damasheks close colleague Larry Eilenberg, former interim artistic director of the Magic Theatre, can clearly see the artistic changes that time and maturity have wrought. Her work has responded to the world, he says. Theres a much franker sense of darkness to it. Shes much more accepting of tragedy, although her ultimate posture as an artist is affirmative. I do not write the well-made play, Damashek ventures. The subject matter and the point of view define the world I create for a work. My directing sensibility informs what I do as a writer I write with a plastic sense about what form the play will take when its up on its feet. I look for a texture I dont know when I start a piece whether to make it out of linen or stone, which are natural materials, or out of something contemporary, like celluloid. Quilters was made of cloth, Whereabouts Unknown was made out of steel. I let the subject tell me what it is. .u87d9c5f8b6ffb3ea46c6ee3acd2548cf , .u87d9c5f8b6ffb3ea46c6ee3acd2548cf .postImageUrl , .u87d9c5f8b6ffb3ea46c6ee3acd2548cf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u87d9c5f8b6ffb3ea46c6ee3acd2548cf , .u87d9c5f8b6ffb3ea46c6ee3acd2548cf:hover , .u87d9c5f8b6ffb3ea46c6ee3acd2548cf:visited , .u87d9c5f8b6ffb3ea46c6ee3acd2548cf:active { border:0!important; } .u87d9c5f8b6ffb3ea46c6ee3acd2548cf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u87d9c5f8b6ffb3ea46c6ee3acd2548cf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u87d9c5f8b6ffb3ea46c6ee3acd2548cf:active , .u87d9c5f8b6ffb3ea46c6ee3acd2548cf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u87d9c5f8b6ffb3ea46c6ee3acd2548cf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u87d9c5f8b6ffb3ea46c6ee3acd2548cf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u87d9c5f8b6ffb3ea46c6ee3acd2548cf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u87d9c5f8b6ffb3ea46c6ee3acd2548cf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u87d9c5f8b6ffb3ea46c6ee3acd2548cf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u87d9c5f8b6ffb3ea46c6ee3acd2548cf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u87d9c5f8b6ffb3ea46c6ee3acd2548cf .u87d9c5f8b6ffb3ea46c6ee3acd2548cf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u87d9c5f8b6ffb3ea46c6ee3acd2548cf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The key scenes Essay The names Diana   When Damashek directs a play, she almost always creates original music, because music is her personal path into understanding a theatrical piece. Her preparation for directing Max Frischs darkly comic The Firebugs for the Oregon Shakespeare Festival included creating musical and rhythmic settings for the plays choral passages delivered by a cluster of firemen pounding out the rhythms of their text on steel gasoline drums. In her recent Alls Well that Ends Well, Damasheks music did double duty not only clarifying the plays major themes, but providing a playful medium for its humor as well. The Muscovite regiment laying for Paroles was backed up by an Internationale-like marching song with Volga boatman overtones, and an elaborate four-part a capella doo-wop number called Fontibel was totally at the service of the two-line exchange between Bertram and Diana: They told me your name was Fontibel, he says proudly after dismissing his backup singers to begin his wooing in earnest. Her simple response, No my good lord, Diana, brought the house down every time. A capacity for paradox   One of her regrets is that as a freelance director, she never has the opportunity for continuity with an artistic ensemble. To compensate, she creates an imaginary ensemble in her head when she writes, and during rehearsal shes an involved, hands-on director, notorious, she claims, for writing the actors daily notes. I expand rehearsal time in a sense by going home and writing notes theres never enough time in the rehearsal process. The push and pull of being a gypsy director has made Damashek keenly aware of paradoxes, she says. I dont know if its art imitating life or life imitating art. I read a quote recently that said, The capacity for paradox indicates a kind of spiritual maturity.' One of the paradoxes that has affected her work is the shifting balance between masculine and feminine sensibilities, polarities she explored in her recent production of Alis Well. The play is full of riddles the writing is so dense, so feminine, every sentence turns around on itself, it has incredible depths of images. I did things that were Jungian, I dealt with images of healing, and I think there was a lot of the feminine in the way I did this play. She glances longingly at the musical keyboard and the tidy desk in her live-in studio. There hasnt been much time lately for her to initiate her own creative projects, but she hopes that will soon change. Shes about to catch a plane for Ashland to discuss creating a piece for the Oregon Shakespeare Festivals resident ensemble. And if all goes according to plan, shell also be creating new works with the Cleveland Play House, Milwaukee Repertory Theater and San Franciscos American Conservatory Theater (in collaboration with the DeYoung Museum). Would she give it all up for the stress and responsibility of being an artistic director, for having an artistic home? Absolutely.

Memoirs of a Geisha Analysis free essay sample

The main characters,Chiyo and Satsu, were taken to Kyoto with a promise of a better life compared to the life they have at the village but they only ended up in an okiya and a prostitution house, respectively. Hatsumomo maltreats Chiyo because she foresees that someday, Chiyo will achieve more than what she did in her lifetime. Hatsumomo held Chiyo responsible for stealing her brooch although it was a lie so that she will be more favored. Mameha purposely wounded Sayuris thigh so she can ain Dr. Crabs loyalty and influence. Hatsumomo and Pumpkin followed Mameha and Sayuri to steal the attention of their customers. The Baron offers Sayuri a kimono privately then molests her so he can fulfill his needs. Mrs. Nitta sells Sayuris mizuage ritual to Dr. Crab since it will cause her to get more money. Pumpkin betrayed Sayuri in order to get the latters customers. We will write a custom essay sample on Memoirs of a Geisha Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All these circumstances leads to prove that greed is the root cause of the abuse of rights. For example, when Chiyo and Satsu were brought to Kyoto, it was without their knowledge and consent, meaning, their right to know what is happening and to decide is robbed from them. Another circumstance is when Mrs. Nitta sold Sayuris mizuage ritual to Dr. Crab Just to get the money she wanted. In this certain scene, Sayuri was again removed of her right to make decisions for herself. Thus leading to the conclusion that greed is the main cause of the abuse of human rights.

The Launch of Toyota Prius in Domestic and International Market

The Launch of Toyota Prius in Domestic and International Market Toyota Motor Corporation is the world’s largest motor manufacturer and seller; it has its headquarters in Toyota, Aichi, Japan. According to the company’s accounts 2010, the company had a total of 317,734 people worldwide. With contemporary globalized world, the company’s operations are affected by internal and external factors. This report offers a recommendation on how the company can launch â€Å"Toyota Prius† in domestic and international market.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Launch of â€Å"Toyota Prius† in Domestic and International Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The world is recovering from global financial crisis of 2008; this has limited the growth in demand of motor vehicles by industries, governments, and private owners. Other than the crisis, Japan 2011earthquake has hindered transportation from the country thus the company is facing a challenge selling t o the global world. There are numerous players in the motor vehicle industry; they include Mitsubishi, Ford, and British Motor Works. The companies are offering substitutes to customers who get a wide selection of products. Other than using road transport, consumers are having the option of using rail and air transport. Consumers are offering pressure to the company; there are moves to environmentally friendly motor vehicles as people move to sustainable development. The pressures from the customers are keeping the company on its toes to develop customer focused products. Toyota has been in operation since 1936, during this time, the company has created a strong brand name for its products. The strong brand name for the company is a strength that the management dells on; when launching new products, the company is favoured by its brand strength. With a strong brand, the companies sales are high with comfortable profit margin; the margins give the company good financial strength that it can develop new product with ease. High sales have led to enjoyment of economies of scale making the products affordable. Toyota automobiles are known to be fuel-economical; getting original spare-parts for the products is easy thus people prefer the products. Opportunities for Toyota are many; the company has implemented the â€Å"blue-ocean† management whereby it’s focusing on areas other than japan where competition is lower. Economic development in different countries is offering potential market for the company. The main threat and risk that Toyota faces is competition and world economics operations; there are many players in the motor vehicle industry thus increasing the competition the company has to fight with. Internal structures of Toyota has been challenged of their inability to maintain human resources; with the structures, there are an increasing number of people who quit jobs and with them goes much wisdom to the disadvantage of the company. Some of t he strategies that the company should implement during implementation include integrated marketing management system and customer relation management schemes.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When launching a product, Toyota needs to research on the target market and adopt such policies that will see the products sell more easily. â€Å"Toyota Pius† is a hybrid motor vehicle which can use both fossil fuels and bio-fuels; the product is an eco-friendly product by the company. When developing the product, the company aims at fulfilling the demand of customers and environment conservers on sustainable development. The strength of the product will be the selling point or the strength of the product. When marketing and selling the product, the company should emphasis on the benefits that the product will have on the customers and the world in general. For instanc e the marketing team should inform target customers that the product is fuel economical as well as it will protect the environment. Some of the strategies that the company should implement during implementation include integrated marketing management system and customer relation management schemes.

Cuban Collection Against the United States Essay

Cuban Collection Against the United States - Essay Example This paper will also examine if the Cubans are just hedging their bets in case the United States decides to launch a regime change against the communist nation. Plans to purchase Cuba from the Spanish Empire were put forward by the United States. This saw the United States having a strong influence in Cuban’s political affairs (Leslie 1994, 24). However, there had been an intriguing collection of espionage cases on the US department of Defense: Defense Personnel Security Research Centre (Collins 2001, 23). After World War II, there were ‘number stations’ all round the globe which were described as shortwave radio stations characterized by their unique broadcasts (Moreno 2012, 15). The best known of the number stations was the â€Å"Lincolnshire poacher†, suspected to have been run by the SIS (Moreno 2012, 17). Later on in 2001, the United States government arrested the Cuban five on charges related to spying for Cuba. They were alleged to have received messages from a Cuban number station broadcast (Collins 2001, 78). Others even claimed that these stations related to illegal drug smuggling (Leslie 1994, 35). However, this was not the end of all the spying cases on the United States. In 2001, Anna Montes who was a senior US Defense Intelligence agency analyst was arrested and charged for espionage crimes. Anna Montes communicated with the Cuban Intelligence Directorate through messages encoded and received by the encrypted shortwave transmissions from Cuba (Moreno 2012, 34). However, this did not end even before the arrest of Carlos Alvarez, his wife Elsa, and even the arrest of Walter Kendall Myers in 2009. Allegedly, Walter Myers was charged with con spiracy to spy for Cuba by receiving and decoding some messages that were being sent from the Cuban Intelligence Directorate’s number station (Moreno 2012, 39). The Cuban government came up with all these ways of spying on the United States in order to avoid the United States government from

Peter Hunt argues that 'while (children's) books reflect the Essay

Peter Hunt argues that 'while (children's) books reflect the underlying preoccupations of a culture, the most notable ones also - Essay Example The emergence of newer varieties of fictional historicism is related, partly, with the attempt to regain cultural representation for adolescents, blacks, and minority groups. As a result, these social objectives are connected to the recovery of mistreated literary works, such as those that have never been regarded deserving of scholarly attention (Ringrose 2009). As Peter Hunt argues, literary works for children that are constantly recognised are those that undermine or challenge adult perceptions and beliefs of the period in which they are written. Thus, revolutionary children’s literature ridicules adults and adult-recognised organisations like the school and the church. By challenging the adult world and giving importance to a world where in children build their own values, these literary works are usually contentious and controversial. In this literature, most significantly, children have control, such as control over their own identities, their environments, and adults (R ingrose 2009). However, due to the diversity within the cultural framework of children’s literature, it is hard to oversimplify the components which inspire these works in children’s literature. ... Narrated through the perspectives of various characters, the story manages to maintain an unbiased and impartial standpoint on the lifestyle and culture of the teenage addicts and their different, mainly failed, efforts to stop the drug addiction. The series of events which encompass Tar and Gemma in the novel reveal the period’s fear of the influences of modern society on childhood values. The conflict in human relations, mainly depicted in Gemma’s family, seem to intimidate Romantic notions of childhood. The child, separated from the nuclear family’s ideals and the faiths of established religion, dominated by worldly interests and the explosion of sexualised, ‘impure’ depictions of the body, has become a menacing, irrepressible force (Flewit 2009). Adolescents, such as Burgess’s characters, can be offenders or drug addicts and, per se, represent a society which is wild and unruly. Although there is a growth in children’s literature, l ike Junk, which discusses these issues, they are frequently criticised for their hard realism, illustrating further current anxieties that children will become ruined adolescents. The moralising preoccupation of Junk that takes on a direct relationship between children’s literature and deviant behaviour discards the effort, on Burgess’s part, to encourage children to think and act independently. It is the difficult topic of sex and vice in children’s literature which has been the most challenging for grownups. The Other Side of the Truth by Beverly Naidoo Beverly Naidoo strives to make sense of the impacts of apartheid through the story of Sade and Femi Solaja in The Other Side of the Truth. The core notion of this

Impacts Of Tourism Industry In Asia Pacific

Impacts Of Tourism Industry In Asia Pacific Tourism industry nowadays is one of the worlds largest and dynamically developing sectors of external economic activities. For most of the country, tourism industry is the major economic and social phenomenond social phenomen the ground of and it has been predicted that it could be the largest income-generating source for a country in the coming year because tourism industry is the three main international industries along with the petrol and motorized vehicles. Southeast Asia is full and rich with the cultural and heritage sites which are worth for preserving and conserving. For the people in the country, these places help them to understand about their past, enrich their present lives and lay the foundation for their future generations. They inhabitants continue to practice and learn from their traditional beliefs, social practices and ritual and to use traditional management regimes to sustain the monuments and surrounding landscape that have nurtured them for several generations. Tourism is one of the worlds most profitable and fastest growing industries, if proper manage by the government of a country, which can be the effective tool for the conservation of culture and heritage sites and nature environment. It offers many economic benefits to the public and communities living in or near the cultural and heritage sites in terms of working opportunities, vitalization of the traditional crafts and cultural practices and opportunities for the inhabitants to express pride in their culture. Problem statement However, the uncontrolled tourism can also cause irreversible damage to physical and intangible heritage resources. These cultural and heritage sites in Southeast Asia region are under threat from different aspects and issues, such as the passage of the time, the forces of nature and disaster, modernization, uncontrolled development and population growth because these cultural and heritages sites is the powerful and strong magnet for the tourists who is interested on the rich cultural experience. Due to the high growth and development rates of tourism industry, volume of the foreign currency inflows which is considerable, infrastructure development, and introduction of new management and education experience dynamically might affect several different sectors of the economy, which might cause some impacts to the social and economic development of the country as a whole. This research intends to investigate and search on what are the impacts that the countries in Southeast Asia are act ually facing, and examine the impact and how does the impact affect the countries in Southeast Asia. Also search on whether the government come out with any way or method to overcome such impart in the country. Research objectives Due to the preserving and conserving of the cultural and heritage sites, every country will come out different ways of management. Tourism industry will affect various aspects and issues within a country which bring a lot of impacts. Then publication is now focusing on the impact of tourism in every Asia pacific country. The uncontrolled tourism will cause different damages and impacts to both the economy and social sectors. To study on the impacts of tourism industry in Asia pacific region, may help to improve the advantages and prevent the disadvantages within the country. Research question -What are the impacts that the countries in Southeast Asia are actually facing? -What is the most common impact that the countries in Southeast Asia is facing? -What is the cause of the impact? -How does the impact affect the countries in Southeast Asia? -Is there any way or method to overcome the impact? Hypothesis statement Impacts can be divided into positive and negative impact. According to the impact of tourism in each country, it possibly will greatly affect the country. Normally the economic impact of tourism in each country is positive impact. As for social and environmental impact, these possibly will cause many social issues and problems if the government of the country did not handle it properly and apply or set any law enforcement. The morality in the country might get worsen and tourism industry will fall greatly due to the social issues and problems. Tourists would not like to travel to such a place which has many issues and problems. Environmental impact of tourism is more likely that the cultural and heritages site will be destroy by the exceed amount of tourists and also those who do not have the perception of recycle. The discharge of sewage will increase and it will destroy the beautiful natural environment in a country. Once the government able to sustain the environmental and stabili ze the social problems and issues, then it will improve the tourism industry and attract more tourists. Theoretical and conceptual framework The purpose of this research paper is to research on the positive and negative impacts of tourism in Southeast Asia. The report would like to inform about the impacts that tourists might have to aware of when they travel to Southeast Asia countries. This research proposal is mostly use the information that can be obtained from some journals and websites. From those journals and websites, researcher is able to obtain the information on impacts of tourism in Southeast Asia countries such as Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Burma, Indonesia, and Philippines. It is important for researcher to use the true information and facts in order to convince the tourists about the positive and negative impacts of tourism in Southeast Asia. By informing the tourists about the impacts, then the tourists can have more awareness in their tour and travel in Southeast Asia. With the true information and facts can also know that how the impacts will affect the economic, social, environmental and etc. sector. It is also to research on what actions have been taken or rules and regulation or law enforcement by the government of the countries in Southeast Asia. View on tourism in Southeast Asia Impacts of tourism in Southeast Asia Impacts of tourism in Malaysia Impacts of tourism in Burma Impacts of tourism in Thailand Impacts of tourism in Singapore Significance of study The purpose of this proposal is to find out the impacts of the tourism in Southeast Asia countries. Most of the social impacts of tourism in Southeast Asia are facing the sex tourism which is actually quite serious. Sex tourism is one of the problems that spread disease and from the research, there are some say that tourists from other countries do brought in the disease sometimes. There are also positive impacts of tourism and most of the country gets benefits from the tourism industry. Economic do improve and generate many jobs opportunities from the tourism industry. But it also bring harm to the environmental impact because the rapid growth of tourism industry, the government of the country will build more infrastructure in order to increase the carrying capacity of the tourists every year. Scope and limitation This research paper is only emphasizing on the impacts of tourism in Southeast Asia. To understand the view from the people so I actually trying to get some books or journal which specify on certain topic. The collection of the date is restricted because there are many books and journals cannot be read due to the copyright issues. Therefore, researcher gets as many as data and read. After read then try to elaborate and briefly explain on what written on the data. Basically the research is done purely based on the researcher own opinion and thoughts from the information and data obtained. All the data and information are limited and can be found and obtained from the websites and journals which are free. Chapter 2: Literature review 2.1 Introductions on impacts of the tourism Tourism is greatly affected and impact on the local communities in every country in the world. It can be both a source of income for a country, understanding towards a country and also a destroyer and corrupter of the cultures, social and environment in a country. The impacts of tourism are a popular and common topic in every country since tourism industry is now one of the largest industries in the world. Usually the most common impacts of the tourism industry we can found are the economic, environment, social and health aspects. By using the literature about the tourism as a baseline, should be able to found some impacts in each of the country and try to identify ways in whether these impacts can be affect positively or negatively. Tourism is able to bring benefits to a society or country in variety and different ways, yet there are also some inevitable negative impacts of tourism. Tourists and visitors are actually stood quite an important role towards the impact of tourism in a c ountry. Tourists and visitors should be able to be attentive to the positive impact and aware for the negative side of the impacts. 2.2 Impacts of tourism in Malaysia Tourism industry has greatly impact on Malaysia because tourism industry is the second largest industry in Malaysia. The social impact of tourism which Malaysia is facing is the growing industry of human trafficking. Sex tourism is a very common negative impact which can be found in all over the Southeast Asia country. In the sex tourism industry, majority of it are children which below the age of 18. Exploitation is normally driven by the wealth, poverty, unfair development, races and gender discrimination, corruption of traditional and cultural practices, lack of political will to end it. Based on one of the journal, most of the Malaysian children and women are sent to Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, Canada, USA, Europe and Australia for prostitution. Otherwise, women and children from China, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia, and etc. are sent to Malaysia for commercial sex exploitation and the low income labour. Female from the village and rural areas in Ma laysia are also trafficked for the same purpose. There is a huge demand from the tourists who are intentionally travel for the sex tourism. Moreover in Malaysia, the illegal organized crime groups are believed to be involved in sending the Malaysian female and children to other countries and also receiving the illegal entry into Malaysia. When the sex tourism has been started in a country, the amount of tourists who travel for sex tourism will only increase and that will worsen the situation in the country. The government of the Malaysia should come out with some stricter rules and regulations in order to implement and enforce the rules and regulations to tackle the sex exploitation by prevent and tracking the victims from migrant workers and people arrested for prostitution. Government should also increase their efforts to prosecute and punish those who receive benefits and advantages from involving in the sex exploitation. Another than that, tourism industry has bring rapid damage to the ecosystem of the cultural and heritage, natural and popular sites. In Malaysia there are many beaches and Tropicana forests which are naturally and have many tourists every year. Many private or government company wish to get profit and they keep on develop on these natural environment. However, the uncontrolled development like building the mega infrastructure and resorts along the beaches has caused the major destruction to the natural environment. The discharge of sewage and rubbish from the development destruction of the ecological environment can also be the result of the development such as habours, resorts or airports that built along or nearby the beaches. Many organizations have pay attention on this aspect and issue and suggest that preserve and conserve the sustainable ecological environment than uncontrolled development and causing harm and destroy the ecosystem. Malaysia is a country that has different cultures since long time ago and the cultural mixing is very common in Malaysia. The mixing of cultural does help in improving the tourism industry. The development of the tourism has actually help in enhance the tourists perception to Malaysia. Tourists who travel for the experience of cultural mixing would like to travel to Malaysia for the different and various cultures. Yet with the different and various cultures, Malaysian is able to live in a harmony and peacefully which is actually can be the example or prototype to some other countries. Government of Malaysia will conserve and protect the cultural and heritage sites. This may help to local people and also the future generations to learn from their traditional beliefs and also social practices. Tourism industry also brings impact towards to economic sector. Nowadays the tourism industry is one of the largest industries in Malaysia. In year 2007, Malaysia started to promote their tourism industry with the slogan Malaysia, truly Asia. Based on the reports, the total amount of tourists receive is increasing year by year. Government decided to develop in the tourism industry and they promote the country with the slogan Malaysia, truly Asia because of the cultural mixing in Malaysia. The receipts from tourism are shown rapidly growth and the spending power is also increase. To many tourists, Malaysia is a shopping paradise which the exchange rate is considerate compare to Europe countries. There are a lot of shopping mall had been built in order to improve the economy of the Malaysia. Many resorts and hotels companies decided to invest in Malaysia due to the high growth rate of tourists. It can offer many working opportunities for the Malaysian and able to reduce the unemploymen t rate. All of these have the substantial impact effect on economy of the country. It is able to increase the GDP of the country, reduce the unemployment rate and generate employment, improving the foreign exchange rate and also the economy of country. All the industries which related to tourism industry could be also improve and lead to expansion. 2.3 Impacts of tourism in Singapore Singapore is a country which located at the south of West Malaysia. Singapore is one of the best cities in the world. Its economy is often ranked within the world top ten most competitive and innovative city. Singapore is a small but highly developed country and it consists of 75% Chinese, 14% Malay, 9% Indian, and 2% others. It is the same like Malaysia which is also the cultural mixing country. Singapore is a popular travel destination, and the tourism industry is one of its largest industries. Somehow, Singapore is also well known for the sex tourism in the country. Many tourists travel to Singapore will travel to the district which is actually well known for sex trade. In the district can actually see that there are female from other different countries who are working on the commercial sex exploitation. Based on the research, there are increasing numbers of young girls in Singapore are offering sex for sale. This is the negative social impact of the tourism because there are many tourists actually travel to Singapore and looking for the sex tourism. The sex tourism in Singapore is actually quite famous but however, the government of Singapore did not take much action. The government of Singapore came out with some law enforcement effort in control the amount of trafficking in persons in order to prevent trafficking, especially the commercial sex exploitation. However, the law enforcement doesnt seem efficiently and the sex tourism is still a serious issue and impact for Singapore. This may because the tourists that travel for sex tourism are quite in a big amount and it does help in improving the economy in the country. The GDP and economic in Singapore are always one of the top in the world rank. It has one of the busiest ports in the world and it is the fourth largest foreign exchange in the world. There are many international companies in Singapore which make it one of the busiest countries in the world. Based on the research, the GDP of Singapore is growing year by year. Recent year, there are some entertainments like casino resorts and universal studio grand opened up in Singapore and these sites have become another main tourism attraction. The opening of the casinos is able to attract many tourists who travel for gambling and it may strongly and dynamically improve the tourism industry in Singapore. In order to control the social impact of opening a casino, the government of Singapore comes out with certain rules and regulation to prevent the Singaporean from addicting to the gambler. For the local the entry fee SGD100 per entry will be charged whenever they want to enter the casino or purchas e the annual entry pass for SGD2,000. This is under the Casino Control Act 2006 and the government aim to reduce the negative effects of compulsive gambling. The two casino resorts intend to boost the tourism of the Singapore, they expect that it will generate 45,000 jobs and able to attract 10 million tourists by the year 2015. In economic impact, the government of Singapore handles the tourism well and it increases many jobs opportunities for the locals and also foreign workers. 2.4 Impacts of tourism in Thailand Thailand is a country which located in the heart of the Southeast Asia and it embraces a rich diversity of cultures and tradition. Thailand has the great and proud history of itself, tropical climate and renowned hospitality, the country is a never-ending source of entertainment and enjoyment for the tourists from all over the world. Like other countries in Southeast Asia, tourism is also the major source of income in Thailand. Tourism has been strongly promoted because the government of Thailand believed that tourism promotion will be able to generate the jobs opportunities, raise foreign exchange rates and contribute to economic growth and improved income distribution. In Thailand, the government is actually having the conflicts in water allocation. Thailand would face water crisis in the coming future if the government did not come out with any water management and allocation. Based on research, tourism industry in Thailand is relatively water-intensive sector. By focusing on the tourism industry, which mean the amount of tourists travel into Thailand will increase. Therefor the amount of water been used in Thailand will also increase because more tourists then the demand of water is higher. Tourism do brings a lot of destructive effects. Since the Thailand is having the uncontrolled development on tourism, the government trying to search for the less destructive way and method to reduce the level of destruction. One of the most intriguing sustainable tourism is the rural tourism. Most of the rural areas in Thailand are rich with the cultures, traditions and natural resources, which is able to become a tourism attraction destination. The economic impact of the tourism towards the Thailand is positive because tourism generates more job opportunities, raise foreign exchange rate, and economic growth. But these benefits are mainly for the urban society and city. It did not bring much benefit to rural tourism because most of the profit goes to the urban and modern cities. The profits earn from the taxes and fees return to government and government like not really invest in rural tourism. Most of the cultures, traditions and natural resources are in the rural areas. Therefore , the government of Thailand agreed that the rural areas should be preserved, and conservation of culture, arts, traditions and natural resources are promoted. With the growth in amount of tourists travel to Thailand, it may cause the heavy impact towards the environment. In order to increase the carrying capacity of tourists, the government of Thailand has created more infrastructures, transportation and other facilities which can cause environmental distortion. In Thailand there are a lot of jungles or forests which provide the activities such as jungle tracking and camping. This may affect and cause the pollution to the natural environment. There are many disposal of human waste and discharge of the sewage within the jungle areas and it will cause the environmental impact. The government of Thailand should set the strict rules and regulations in order to protect the natural environment and prevent the increase amount of disposal of human waste and discharge of sewage. Thailand has long been promoted as sex capital in the world. There are many tourists travel to Thailand for the purpose but it brought a lot of problems and impacts especially on the spread of AIDS. The tourists who had HIV might travel to Thailand for sex tourism which actually brought up the cases of AIDS. Government realized the issue and started to promote the use of condoms, in order to reduce the cases of AIDS. Yet the AIDS cases are still very common in Thailand nowadays. 2.5 Impacts of tourism in Burma Tourism in Burma can bring benefits in a various ways like it helps in opportunities for the economic stability and cultural exchange are severely limited. The tourism in Burma is actually supporting the opportunities of economic stability for the local people. This includes all infrastructures which are built for tourism industry such as patronizing hotels, restaurants and etc. Burma is a country that rich with tradition and cultures and so there will be a lot of different and various handicrafts. Tourists shall buy those handicrafts when they travel to Burma which is actually able to improve the welfare of the locals, they are all generally associated with increased opportunities for women. Burma considered as a country which isolated from other countries, so most of the time the Burmese people will never be able to leave their own country. Whenever there are any tourists from the other country travel to Burma, then only the Burmese people able to learn and experience the cultures from other countries. Tourism industry in Burma is able to bring the Burmese people the cultural exchange and they are able to learn the cultural from outside. Burma is also a country which rich with different and various tradition and tourists who travel for the culture experience, they will be able to learn and study on the traditions and cultures in Burma. It can help in create the awareness of the tourists towards the Burma and there will be increase in the amount of the tourists in the future. Somehow, there are some inevitable negative impacts caused by the tourism in Burma. Many of the tourism association in Burma are run by the government. When a tourist spend money on those government run hotels, using government public transport, employing government tour guide, the income and revenues will go directly to the government which do not benefits any of the citizen and local people. The tourism industry in Burma is actually facing a high degree level of leakage. There are some foreign companies in the economic industry of Burma, and most of the economic leakages are caused by them. They involved in import goods from other countries, international marketing cost and the interest payment which will cause the currency leakage from Burma to other countries. Chapter 3: Research Methodology 3.1 Research Philosophy In this chapter the researcher will briefly explain the ways of the research obtained for this proposal and also which method will be used in collect the data. 3.2 Research method and research design This research will be done using a significant common research approaches and the methods will be used is the qualitative method. 3.3 Sources of data The research only obtains the data with the secondary research which involve the valuable information regarding the facts and true information on impacts of tourism in Southeast Asia. Somehow there are limitations from getting the primary research, so researcher based on own experience traveled to these countries and write for the own opinion. 3.4 Secondary Research Secondary research is normally done before the conducting the primary research. The research for this paper is involved a collection data form different books and journals which can be found from the internet. This research proposal is written based on the data and information got from the books and journals and add on some own opinion.

Security and Privacy in Workplace

1. 0 Introduction Whalen and Gates (2010), define monitoring differently in their article. They define it as a method and procedure of examining the workers in an organization and study their constant events intended to guarantee that together the protection of employees and requirements of the employer are met. Nearly all companies nowadays take videos of their employees, they read their emails and monitor their Web surfing. This can be done surreptitiously and some organizations are honest about it Chan et al. (2005). Privacy is one of the most important things that are immensely fitting to be something of the past.In general companies are permitted to observe employee activities by the courts. Private companies have been setting rules in situations when employees are taken into service for instance contracts that affirm that they will be monitoring employees’ use of the Internet or any company tools (Chieh and Kleiner, 2003). Efforts have been made in arrangement for laws t hat protect business and the employees, regrettably most current court cases have been deceiving evidence in the eyes of the magistrates thus confidentiality or privacy laws have been unsuccessful for employees.It has been recommended that government, big firms and industries and health care systems should have the capability to tape and study workers activities as it is a benefit to research and development for several years. Most legislation is the same opinion that laws should be set in place even though the breach of human rights forbid them from approaching the issue to a law level (Welebir and Kleiner, 2005). Sadly, comprehensible defenses of privacy opposed to security may never be evident from the view point of the law.Employers’ main apprehension is the decrease in productivity, virus attacks/ damaged equipment (i. e. computers), legal charges and loss of classifies data. Employees’ major worry is incursion of their privacy, mistreatment of control and precisi on in their work. A survey conducted in the year 2000, is that sixty two percent of the employees use Internet resources once a day for their private reasons and twenty percent of them use it for at least ten times.This is why employer is at unease because a large number of workers are using company property for their own use and not for the business purposes. According to Watson (2002) sopports the idea that productivity is what most companies are concerned about such that if employees use them for their own private uses it will negatively affect productivity. It is compulsory for them to put regulations and policies that will help them monitor employees and their activities during working hours.Some of the main things that companies use are telephone monitoring particularly when personal calls are made, electronic surveillance, drug testing and verification of emails sent externally for private reasons. Reasons why companies make use of policies is for the reason of a decrease in productivity , sensitive material which arise from unpleasant email usage, workplace accidents caused by prohibited drug use, employees bitterness over monitoring of computers and sexual harassment complaints prompted by dating among workmates. 2. 0 Research Objectives R01.To identify if security and privacy actions affect things like productivity in the workplace/organization R02. To state some of the security and privacy actions that some companies are implementing in the workplace R03. To analyze whether organizations nowadays are focusing more on prioritizing their security initiatives thus undermining their employees and their personal lives R04. To evaluate if companies are using the right tools, technologies and methods to maintain good quality security and privacy within their organization 3. 0 Research QuestionsRQ1. What do organizations hope to achieve by implementing security in their companies? RQ2. What effect does security and privacy actions have on productivity in th e organization? RQ3. Do organizations of nowadays focus more on prioritizing their security initiatives hence undermining their employees and their personal lives? RQ4. Do companies use the right methods, technology and tools when they choose security and privacy as a priority? 4. 0 Hypothesis H1. Security and privacy actions increase things like productivity in the workplace. H2.Telephone and email monitoring, monitored computer web use and surveillance cameras are some of the security actions that some organizations are implementing to their workers. H3. Organizations nowadays are more focused on prioritizing their security initiatives thus undermining their employees’ personal lives. H4. For a company to maintain good quality security and privacy within their organization they have to own the right tools, technologies and methods. Theoretical Framework Workplace performance Security and Privacy in the workplace Priorities of the company such as productivity and protectionT he independent variable is security and privacy implementation in companies and workplace performance is the dependent variable. Priorities of companies such as productivity and protection are the controlling variables to the results. 5. 0 Achievements gained From Implementing Security and Privacy in the Workplace Organizations hope to achieve a better performance from their employees when they implement security in the workplace. Most companies today in most parts of the world do observe their workers because they have reasonable reasons for doing so.Since employers are accountable for their employees they have to provide them with a safe and a secure workplace. By monitoring or surveilling employees, employers hope to achieve several things such as employee or customer satisfaction, protection of the company’s confidential information and prevent trade secrets from leaking out, non-offensive material from emails and the internet, high performance from the network and the sy stems and to boost employee productivity (Vorvoreanu and Botan, 2001). 5. Non-offensive material from emails and the Internet According to Lee and Kleiner (2003), employees are responsible for all their workers during employment hours such that even any of the workers happens to send offensive information/materials and they happen to offend the receiver, the employers are the ones who will be liable to this course of action. If the material that would have been sent is found offensive for certain then the company can be sued which can affect the companies’ reputation to a greater extent.To prevent such cases most companies have seen it fit to take the initiative of monitoring each and every email and web use by the employees. 5. 2 Prevention of trade secrets from leaking out According to Paciniet al. (2008), there are several physical actions that employees consider when doing an internal control to safeguard trade secrets of the company. Such actions include a restriction on accessing certain premises (use of key cards), locks for all file cabinets, surveillance equipment to see all movements and passwords for accessing computers.Monitoring employees especially when it comes to trade secrets boosts productivity because employees who have intentions to harm the organization are quickly detected and those who are loyal to the company will work to their maximum potential because they know that they are safe. 5. 3 High Performance from Network and the systems of the Company Companies do not only monitor their employees just to check if they are doing work properly. They also monitor them in order to know if the network and system performance is not being taken advantage of by being used for personal use hence a decrease in productivity.If a computer network is efficient it is of a great advantage because it increases productivity in the workplace. If a computer system is poor it can be a great loss to the firm because productivity can decrease which result s in loss of customers and profits. Most employers really consider the network bandwidth traffic; this is related to employees using the network for personal use . These activities include downloads which decreases network and systems performance, also sharing and use of large audio and video files, surfing the internet and personal emails which are of high volume.All these actions by employees can cause the network/system be attacked by viruses which may cause it to be disabled (Trim, 2005). Secondly, if the bandwidth is used for purposes that are not work-related somehow it would be an expense that could have been avoided and to make matters worse the expenses that are incurred do not contribute to the wellness of the firm (Strategic Direction, 2009). For example nowadays most organizations are seeking to adopt the Web 2. 0 technologies for the sake of privacy and security of their companies.This type of technology according to Almeida (2012), it enables the employers to prevent d ata loss which would have been caused by inappropriate use of social media applications such as YouTube, Skype during working hours will definitely increase productivity in the workplace. According to Doshi (2009), employer does believe in monitoring their employees because it is a fast and easy method of getting the job done. Productivity and profits increase because the employees will work efficiently and at ease hence a lot of work is done in a short period of time.When workers work efficiently the employees themselves is satisfied hence customers are satisfied as well (Chan et al. 2005). According to The Gazette (2008), Internet abuse is a rising problem that is costing Canadian businesses beyond sixteen billion dollars yearly in lost productivity and the amount is predicted to be eighty billion dollars in the United States. 6. 0 Security Actions That Most Organizations Are Implementing 6. 1 Drug Testing Most organizations do drug testing for security reasons.For companies that are doing drug test, they test mainly for alcohol and drugs separately and others test for both. Employees who come to do their job under the influence of drugs/alcohol may be a threat to other work-mates. Secondly, drug testing has increased because of a rise in health cost and an increase in the danger imposed by lawsuits which come from worker disease. Many companies are involved with drug testing their employees because it is one of the best ways for solving medical and economic problems (Jardine-Tweedie and Wright, 1998) .According to Lu and Kleiner (2004), if the drug testing by the employer is legal and correctly does things according to the law of that particular state then the company will have to look forward to higher profits. High profits are obtained because the employee will be more productive, higher level of morale, a low rate of absenteeism, low health care and fewer injuries are encountered during working periods. 6. 2 Electronic Surveillance Computers are changing rapidly nowadays especially in the workplaces such that monitoring employees by electric equipment is more common.Surveillance cameras/ CCTV is another means used by employers to monitor their employees, they are always aware of all the activities that take place in the organization and surrounding areas. According to Chen and Park (2005), monitoring employees regularly would reduce cases of spies in the organization getting away with their actions. Such cases are few because these â€Å"spies† are aware that they are being watched thereby lose interest to do any illegal actions that will jeopardize their identity (Lu and Kleiner, 2004).Next, management’s main objective is to increase productivity and gain more profit hence they believe monitoring employees’ will improve their productivity levels for the better and an assurance of service of high quality. Chieh and Kleiner (2003) states that employers can use information they get from the cameras to find out th ings that are going wrong in the workplace or find out reasons why productivity is decreasing. For example, an employer can discipline workers who may have been wasting their working hours on their own interest based from the information obtained from monitoring.From this employees are bound to focus more on their assigned duties rather than waste time during working hours. Surveilling employees also motivates them to work even harder than they have been doing (Lee and Kleiner, 2003). Managers can somehow conduct a performance evaluation of their employees whereby they will be able to give a feedback to the employees’ and explain which parts needs correction. From monitoring they are able to dictate the type of employees who are hard-working and those who need help.Employers are also able to detect mistakes the employees are making and from this it will be easy to assist them and correct them. 6. 3 Emails, Voicemails/Telephone calls, Files and Web/Internet use monitoring Many companies monitor employees’ emails, files, voicemails and internet use for various reasons. The number of companies who practice this type of monitoring has increased over the past years (Cox et al, 2005). Employers proclaim that by monitoring employees email, voicemails/telephone calls that way they can be certain that they do not contain any materials that can offend the receiver.Email monitoring is when employers monitor all emails that are going in and out for security purposes to make sure that employees are not disclosing employment or business confidential information. They may monitor as well to check if employees are not harassing other coworkers. Telephone monitoring is a system of managing calls and observing service by the employees. This type of surveillance is used to monitor employees when they make or receive calls and they can gather information on how the employees are performing.Internet use monitoring is when managers take the initiative to observe all t he steps of their employee’s online tracks. Sixty percent of the firms in the United States of America gain from the complex technology and they opt to monitor the workers activities on the Internet (Ciocchetti, 2010). In cases that they are in such situations whereby a worker sends offensive material employees are able to deal with the accused accordingly based on the proof of recorded conversations/videos.For example, Xerox Company fired forty employees who were caught viewing Pornography sites on the internet during working hours (The Register, 2000). Employers have been monitoring all its employees all over the world (ninety-two thousand in total) by taking records of every web site opened. The main reasons why they were fired is because they spent most of their working hours on issues that were not related to their company and also viewing pornographic sites may have been offending material to coworkers.Companies have installed different types of technologies just to mon itor their employees’ activities. Examples include software that filters specific content of information to prevent it from leaving the firm which may lead to the disposal of company secrets. Other types of software used by companies are those that can monitor log-on and off times so that employers can see if workers are wasting time on issues that are not company related.Monitoring of emails, voicemails, files and Web use is believed to be another way that makes it certain that employees will work efficiently and possess productive work habits. Productive work habits boosts efficiency which increases productivity thus perfecting customer service. According to Welebir and Kleiner (2005), the worry for organizations is to keep up with the aspect of having power over production and encouraging utilization of the Internet as a priceless resource.A survey conducted by IntelliQuest Information group revealed that there was an increase in private use of the Internet at work. The re sults signified that the use of had grown from 6. 9 hours to 9. 8 hours for every week prior to the last year and about fifty seven million workers access Internet from their workplace for private use. Further information provided by the study was that the number of workers seemingly receiving classified information from competitors has increased from 9. 2 percent to 24. percent within a year. Moreover workers are getting emails with attachments, roughly one fifth of the workers have reported receiving insulting email from an inner source and only a third to confess spending more time on the Internet for personal use. States do not have the same policies for monitoring and governing websites viewed by the residents. States like China, Vietnam and Singapore does not only block sites for pornography they also ban access to linguistic and political issues (Hechanova and Alampay, 2010). 7. Prioritizing Security and Privacy Ignores Employees’ Personal Lives Opponents of implementi ng security and privacy in the organization state that organization nowadays are too concerned with their own company interests and its prosperity thus forgetting that their employees do have personal lives. Installing electronic cameras that will be watching their activities all day when they are at work, monitoring emails and phone calls is making companies seem as if they are forgetting that their employees have a life to live (Dubbeld, 2004).This side of the coin feels that staff is at liberty to confidentiality when they are using the Internet. Employees argue that as they are allowed to breaks, lunch hours or other selectedperiods where they are not liable to any duties but still in the building they should have the freedom to do things like checking their e-mail, do their banking or shopping and maybe just browse the Internet on free time. Everyone is entitled to some privacy no matter where they are so they argue that they should be able to do this during their free time wit hout anyone monitoring all their movements.Secondly, employees do not consider it as monitoring productivity when companies even observe staff in the toilet or relaxing areas of the office. Some employees consider it as an intrusion and they have lawful hope that they can maintain their personal lives private. Undermining workers privileges to confidentiality by surveillance and monitoring is not the only problem that employees face. It also generates high levels of stress and nervousness which to higher chances may lead to poor health of workers and a reduction in performance.Examples of physical wellbeing problems which may be caused by monitoring are repetitive Strain Injury and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome from performance monitoring by the company for instance keyboard strikes. To add on, employees believe thatthey are individuals who can make their own decisions hence it is their right to be treated as proficient andindependentpeople. Guaranteeing their individual development and pe rformance that can be valued is what they believe they can achieve if they are treated as independent people thus they consider surveillance as violating their privacy (Ahmed, 2007).Workers argue that as long as individual e-mail does not hinder or conflict with business life, it should be permitted. Employees also argue that phone calls take more time than writing an e-mail and also that they should be given time to do individual matters because it can reduce the rate of absenteeism. Most employees have suggested that as long as there is a realistic limit on this practice of monitoring emails, there is no reason for fear but in situations where someone does something unusual then they will have to be dealt with (Kierkegaard, 2005).Even if employees are informed that they are being monitored and in agreement that they are using company property they still feel that their employers’ are not respecting the fact that besides working for tem they also have personal lives which st ill go on whether they are working or not. 8. 0 Better results can be achieved by using the right tools, technologies and methods For a company to maintain good quality security and privacy within their organization they have to own the right tools, technologies and methods.A company cannot just instill a rule/wake up one morning with intentions of monitoring all the activities of their employees and expect high productivity. Companies have to follows certain regulations to install such things as software that monitors an employees’ Internet use and all phone calls, drug testing and electronic surveillance. A cautiously worded policy that informs employees concerning the necessity of surveillance in the company will be the most probable way that it can gain acceptance or support for workplace monitoring from them (Watson, 2002).According to Mei-ShaChieh and Kleiner (2003), as regards to other forms of monitoring, it is vital that all forms of surveillance should not be unreas onably intrusive. The methods that employer’s use when they consider monitoring employees should be practical because if they are not deemed like that then the company can encounter problems such as rebellious employees; which may cause a decrease in performance. Arnesen and Weis (2007) critically supports the idea that Employers must know that it would not be irrationally intrusive to observe what an employee does in public; however it might be intrusive to observe the employee’s behavior hen they are in private places such as the toilet. For example, it may be practical to take pictures of employees when they are at work to observe productivity. However, it may unreasonable to put transparent panels in the ceiling of an employee lavatory. Moreover, if convincing conditions state the use of cameras in locker rooms or other private areas, they are supposed to have signs warning employees they are there. Next, Kierkegaard (2005) states the some of the international regu lations and codes that organizations should take note of when they decide to prioritize security and some form of privacy in their workplace.The International Labor Office (ILO) has issued a Code of Practice on the Protection of worker’s personal data† and it is anticipated to give assistance on the safeguard of workers’ private data. The most important requirements of the Code include issues like using individual data legally and justly only for reasons that are directly applicable to the employment of the staff and for the reasons which they were gathered for in the first place. Employers should by all means necessary not keep insightful private information of employees and all employees should be well-informed before such events take place in the organization.They should be informed of any kind of monitoring that especially the ones that involve personal data collection. However, the information obtained from monitoring them should not be the only issues when doing a performance appraisal. Companies have a duty to safeguard private documents against any kind of a loss, unapproved access, usage, changes or exposure. Employees must have admission to their entire personal information and all rights to scrutinize and get a copy of all the archives.Revealing an Internet supervising policy is an essential element in an organization. Workers ought to be up to date with the type of activities that would be supervised, the regularity monitoring and how the management will be informed of the activity. If the organization verifies how the employees use their Internet then they must be informed and if the company retains deleted information for reasons like security when they should be informed about it (Welebir and Kleiner, 2005). The staff should not have beliefs that their actions on the Internet are confidential.Even though companies do not want to present the idea that they are monitoring each word they key in and mouse clicks on the Internet, it is compulsory to tell employees that they do not own any personal confidential rights when they are using the company Internet. 9. 0 Research Design and Methodology The impact of implementing security and privacy in the workplace and the effect it has on performance in the firm is an ontological study which takes a subjectivism view because security and privacy is created from the perception that workplace performance might be positively or negatively affected.The research is more of an explanatory studywhich is a deductive approach where Saunders et al. (2006), defines deductive astestinga concept in which the researcher cultivates the concept and assumption and design a research plan to test the assumption. The research strategy that is suitable for this study is survey because according to Saunders et al. (2006), it is usually related to a deductive approach and since we are using companies it is a tactic commonly used in businesses.I believe the research choice suitable for t he study is a multi-method qualitative study whereby semi-structured interviews and questionnaires can be used for data collecting. Time horizon that can be used is a longitudinal study where according to Saunders (2006), the researcher embarks on a study at numerous facts in time in order to answer a research question. For reliability and validity sake to how security and privacy affect workplace performance several times of embarking on such a question will provide accurate results. Physical access is the one suitable for my study since I am an external researcher.Access would be granted from the management of all the companies that are to be used for the study and gaining an informal access from all the employees for accurate results. One of strategies that can be used to gain this access is that the project will benefit the company in one way or the other. Research ethics that should be maintained during data collection stage are confidentiality and anonymity. Furthermore, the s ampling method technique I used is probability specifically cluster sampling is what I would consider because there are specific types of jobs that make use of surveillance cameras, computers (with internet) and telephones. . 1 Possible Results Based on the literature analysis, H1 can be accepted because by implementing security in the workplace it can work in two ways. Firstly, protects the business from competitors and can be used when evaluating employees. H2 can also be accepted because not only American companies use Surveillance cameras, do telephone and Internet monitoring, companies in Europe and in countries like China, Vietnam, Philippine, Australia also do the same. H4 is acceptable because for the policy of applying security and privacy to work companies have to follow proper procedures.However H3 will remain debatable in the sense that in every topic that arises there is always going to be a group of people who will rebut the idea. It is acceptable only when the company does not communicate the use and the reasons behind the monitoring. 10. Conclusion Based on the evidence and facts from the literature review which provided various perspectives about security and privacy it can be concluded that monitoring employees can result in something noble or something unscrupulous.For example, emails and surfing the Internet can be a disruption but at the same time the feeling of being watched regularly can also be a disruption. Law of privacy has to balance employee interest against those of the employers and more prominently it must center on the important concepts of human self-esteem. Information technology has assisted firms to enlarge their productivity and efficiency but the misuse of the Internet has steered firms to monitor all communications operated electronically to guard their companies and limit legal responsibilities.Nowadays two major developments to be concerned about in regards to electronic surveillance is the great concern for employee p rivacy and the increased cases of employers being caught accountable for workers’ misbehaviors of electronic communication. Although the courts are in support of employers they must be alert about the workers’ rights though shielding the firms’ interests. Words 4 282 References Ahmed, S. ( 2007). Analysis of Workplace Surveillance In a Quest for an Ethical Stance. Journal of Business Systems, Governance and Ethics, Vol 2,No. 4. Almeida, F. 2012). 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(2004). â€Å"Enhancing Web privacy and anonymity in the digital era†, Journal of Information Management & Computer Security, Vol. 12 Iss: 3, pp. 255 – 287. Griffiths, M. (2010),†Internet abuse and internet addiction in the workplace†, Journal of Workplace Learning, Vol. 22 Iss: 7 pp. 463 – 472 Morgan, C. (1999).Employer Monitoring Of the Employee Electronic Mail And Internet Use. McGill Law Journal, Vol. 44 pp. 850-902. Jardine-Tweedie, L. and Phillip C. Wright, (1998) â€Å"Workplace drug testing: avoiding the testing addi ction†, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 13 Iss: 8, pp. 534 – 543 Appendices Appendix 1: Evaluation of Sources In order to do my literature review I made use of secondary data which consisted of journals, books and web publications (which included newspapers). From these sources I could get dependable information because they are reliable sources.I did not manage to get a lot of recent journals for the current year and for the previous year but I did manage to get publications which were within the ten years. These sources really helped me understand more facts about my research topic. Most of the journals that I found were useful to explain my topic and write more facts because they had information that I wanted to use. Most of the journals that I found discussed reasons why organizations were implementing security and privacy in their organizations and the proper procedures that were supposed to be taken for such policies.However it was not easy to get journals that rebuttal those ideas and supported that somehow it affected employees. Secondly, I was able to find journals that explained security and privacy from companies in different countries. The issue of security and privacy in the workplace was more crucial beginning 1996 which shows that it’s an issue that that was brought about technology advancements. I found most of my journals on emerald insight and to top it up I found more from scholar web publications. I took my time to paraphrase all the necessary information from the journals that I found to support all my assumptions.I used twenty- three journals to support my ideas, except for one journal all of them the author name was given, dates, journal article headings and all the information needed to do the referencing. The impact of implementing security and privacy and its effect on workplace performance Appendix 2: Mind Map Week 1 Received topics to research on Week 2 Search for relevant journals mainly from Emerald Insi ght. com Week 2 Research Objectives Research Questions Hypothesis Week 2 Chose the research topic Week 3 Theoretical Framework Introduction & Search for more JournalsWeek 4 Non-offensive material from emails and the Internet High performance from company networks &systems Week 4 Protection of company confidential information Prevention of trade secrets from leaking out Week 4 Positive effects of security and privacy mainly on productivity, employee &customer satisfaction Week 5 Security & Privacy actions that companies are using Week 6 Facts raised by opponents of Security and privacy e. g. electronic surveillance Week 7 Owning the right tools, technologies and methods Week 9 Research Design and Methodology Possible Results